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Top2. Smart Tourism Concept
“Smart” has become a new popular word to describe the technological, economic and social development driven by technology based on sensor types, big data, open data, binding protocol. Connection and exchange new information (eg Internet of Things, RFID and NFC) as well as the ability to reason and think (Gretzel, Reino, Kopera, & Koo, 2015). In the context of tourism, intelligence is used to talk about a complex synthesis of everything from smart cities to connectivity to infrastructure (Gretzel, Sigala, Xiang, & Koo, 2015). From this basis, Gretzel et al. (2015) proposed the definition of smart tourism as “tourism is supported by integration efforts at one destination to collect and synthesize / exploit data obtained from physical infrastructure, social links, government / organizational resources, and the human body / mind associated with the use of advanced technology to transform data into on-site experience and propose business value with a clear focus on efficiency, sustainability and enriching experience.”
Smart tourism is an inevitable development step from traditional tourism and later e-tourism. Smart tourism is formed with the background of innovation and technology orientation of industry and consumers. Besides, the widespread application of information and communication technology (ICT) in tourism also contributed to this formation. For example, the global distribution form and central booking system, integrating web-based technologies (Buhalis, 2003; Werthner & Ricci, 2004). Gretzel et al. (2015) suggest that smart tourism is included Many smart components and layers are supported by ICT. The components of smart tourism include smart destinations, smart experiences, and smart business ecosystems; also collect, exchange, and process data identified as layers of smart travel. These components and classes are illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Component and class of smart tourism