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An Overview Of International Management
Management is an issue which concerns all the businesses and not-for-organizations too. Management is to do business by means of people in the simplest sense. However, it has differentiating characteristics with respect to international management.
The term international refers to business operations which includes crossing the frontiers among nation states. This definition therefore implies crossing country level economic, financial, sociological and commercial variables as well as the country itself. Cross-border operations do not only involve the exchange of tangible goods but also involves the exchange of intangible assets such as services, capital, management practices and philosophies. Internationalism also refers to both the crossing of national frontiers and having access to external environment which involves considerable diversity as well as interacting with various international factors at the same time. Crossing national frontiers also signifies mental differentiations emerging by new experiences. Management is to handle both people and business issues in organizations. The duty of managers is to plan, organize, lead, coordinate and control the entire issues in a business organization in order to accomplish value adding activities which is also a historically and socially process of construction of merits in a business. Moreover, management is not only confined to for-profit-organizations since it involves the entire socially constructed operations which occur in various types of organizations across the globe (Phatak et al., 2009, pp. 5-7; Eden et al., 2011; Hodgetts, Luthans, 2000, pp. 2-10; Barlett, Ghoshal, 2000, pp. 2-5; Mead, 1994, pp. 3-6; Hodgetts, Luthans, 2000, pp. 3-7).