Investigation of the Methods of Self-Heating Climate Prevention

Introduction

The forecast and search of new sources of development is a priority task of fundamental science. The task of scientists – to predict future, relying on prior experience and potential opportunities of scientific and technology development.

Upon transition to the sixth technological way scientists shall provide strategic planning and formulate the main directions of global development in the 21^st century.

The main challenges, threats and risks in the 21^st century is displaced from military and nuclear, food and energy security to the ecological safety connected with global warming.

Earth is threatened by global warming and the change of climatic zones. Deputy Director General of the World Meteorological Organization Elena Manaenkova, in an interview with the RIA “Novosti” news agency, said: “By 2100 the temperature will rise by 8 degrees, the sea level by 30 meters.”

The temperature of the northern part of Europe rises most rapidly. The average temperature of the Black Sea grows by 0.08°C per year, the White Sea by 2.1°C per year. Six million hectares per year are subjected to desertification with a loss of 65 billion dollars a year.

Six million hectares per year are subjected to desertification with a loss of 65 billion dollars a year. By now, 50% of tropical forests have disappeared. The rainforest is destroyed at a rate of 0.7 ha / min. This has a huge impact on the climate. The number of forest fires is increasing. In Brazil, as a result of fires for the year, 26130 km2 of tropical forest were destroyed.

In Russia, every year, 4.3 million hectares of forests are destroyed, while animals and plants die, rivers become shallow, cities are suffocated by smog.

The damage of the global economy from global warming is currently $ 200 billion / year and is increasing every year. Scientists at the National Oceanographic Center in Southampton predicted minimal damage from global warming of $ 1.4 trillion. The rise in temperature by 2 degrees can cost 3% of world GDP.

According to the Paris Declaration of 2015, the countries have agreed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere of 33 billion tons per year from 2020 to keep the growth of the global average temperature below 2 degrees and make efforts to limit the temperature rise of 1.5 degrees.

The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement on the Limitation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions do not have a scientific basis and do not solve the problems of global warming, but are useful, since they recommend the transition to non-fuel renewable energy and limit the emission of carbon dioxide, which when water is absorbed reduces the productivity of the seas and leads to degradation of marine biosphere.

There are natural negative feedbacks that can slow down the processes of self-heating of the climate. Global warming can lead to a catastrophic increase in volcanic activity and to a decrease in the influx of solar radiation to the Earth's surface due to the absorption of solar energy in the atmosphere by volcanic gases.

Melting glaciers and increasing the fresh water content in the oceans can change the direction of the meridian ocean currents, for example, the Gulf Stream, which will lead to a cooling in Europe. The rate of global warming has an effect of 11-year cycles of solar activity.

The risk that self-reinforcing feedbacks could push the Earth System toward a planetary threshold that, if crossed, could prevent stabilization of the climate at intermediate temperature rises and cause continued warming on a “Hothouse Earth” pathway even as human emissions are reduced. Crossing the threshold would lead to a much higher global average temperature and to sea levels significantly higher than at any time in the Holocene. If the threshold is crossed, the resulting trajectory would likely cause serious disruptions to ecosystems, society, and economies. Collective human action is required to steer the Earth System away from a potential threshold and stabilize it in a habitable interglacial-like state. Such action entails stewardship of the entire Earth System biosphere, climate, and societies and could include decarbonization of the global economy, enhancement of biosphere carbon sinks, behavioral changes, technological innovations, new governance arrangements, and transformed social values (Steffen et al., 2018).

In fact, as shown by scientific research of the cause of climate warming (Vinogradov & Strebkov, 2017), all gases in the Earth’s atmosphere, the molar mass of which differs from the molar mass of nitrogen, contribute to the removal of heat from the stratosphere into space.