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Groundwater is a precious natural resource, it has become increasingly rare all over the world. This scarcity stems from, on one hand, the overexploitation in domestic, industrial and agricultural fields. On the other hand; from unprecedented population and urban growth. Compared to surface water, groundwater is less exposed to the risks of pollution because it exists in depth (Li and al., 2018; Wang and al., 2019; Arya and al., 2020). However, groundwater remains susceptible to intrinsic pollution due to agricultural and anthropogenic activities (Voudouris and al., 2010; Aravinthasamy and al., 2019b and Tomer and al., 2019).
The heavy impact of this problem on groundwater quality has become a major concern for all countries of the world. Therefore, this has triggered governments to develop water management programs through academic studies on groundwater vulnerability to pollution.
In 1968, Margat introduced the concept of groundwater vulnerability. The latter contradicts with the basic role of natural barriers in protecting groundwater from contamination (Margat, 1968). In other words, it is the tendency and probability of contaminants in reaching the aquifer after being introduced to the soil surface (Ball and al., 2004, Mahmudul and al., 2019). In fact, several research studies have applied various models which utilize Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as an indispensable tool. These models are based on the layering process of the various factors involved in groundwater's vulnerability to pollution, for instance DRASTIC (Aller and al., 1987; Bera and al., 2021; Agossou and Yang, 2021 ; Voutchkova and al., 2021), GOD (Foster, 1987 ; Boulabeiz and al., 2019; Taazzouzte and al., 2020), AVI (Van Stempvoort and al., 1993), EPIK (Doerfliger and Zwahlen, 1997; Nekkoub and al., 2020), SINTACS (Civita, 1994 ; Noori and al., 2019), PCA technique (Rahmani and al., 2019), FIS (Pathak and Bhandary., 2020) Fuzzy Clustering (Javadi and al., 2020). It is worth noting but the selection of the method depends on the purpose of the study and the availability of the data.