Armed conflict and sectarian violence can severely disrupt delivery of formal education services, with long-term impacts on children’s attainment and on enrollment and retention in schools (Justino, 2016; Valente, 2011). Children’s educational attainment is particularly compromised by exposure to violence; according to Lai and Thyne (2007), armed conflicts reduce educational enrollment across all levels. In regions affected by violent conflict, the threat of kidnapping is a significant impediment to student enrollment and teacher retention and can lead to school dysfunction during active periods of fighting, with sporadic school closures. Additionally, schools may be damaged or temporarily be occupied by displaced people, or they may be used by military or other armed groups (Standing & Parker, 2011). As well as the impact on student safety and educational attainment, school closures and disruption of education delivery mechanisms impact severely on psychological development, including identity development. Students who are at risk of being injured or killed or who are forcefully displaced from their homes and communities and separated from their parents and families may suffer trauma or join militant groups.