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Top1. Introduction
3D modelling is increasingly used for accurate presentation of objects and products in various disciplines such as architecture (Peng & Elwan 2012), geology (Pouliot et al. 2003), science (Kurakula 2007), manufacturing and reverse engineering (Alai 2013), marketing (Grimaldo et al. 2008), archaeology (van Gool et al. 2000) and other disciplines. Most of these industries take advantage of 3D modelling and 3D simulation, they provide a more complete picture of the objects and their accurate dimensions and they can be used as a substitute for natural layout. The advantages of the 3D modelling are:
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It displays all modification to the model;
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It allows all changes to be made to the model;
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It allows presentation of precise distances and dimensions of objects;
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It allows for easy rendering of the model;
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It can highlight the boundaries of the model.
Recently, the most city councils are providing development information guides that are designed to include 3D models with development proposals, because 3D modelling can improve the strategic planning and aid in development assessment and decision making. 3D models arising out of changed planning policy controls such as building setbacks and heights can be also envisioned in a 3D environment. In other words, a 3D model can assist in the evaluation of development applications and in urban design and enhancement of projects. Also, a 3D model can provide virtual environments that include existing buildings and proposed developments.
Nowadays, with increasing high-rise buildings, the provision of a Building Information Modelling (BIM) is essential (Latiffi et al. 2013). BIM includes much more information than a 3D model. Indeed, BIM is a process for creating and managing all the information on a project and its output is a digital description of every aspects of the building asset management. BIM is a tool that provides better design coordination and improved the construction, and provides a set of interrelated and cross-referenced information such as commissioning data, warranty forms, photos, and other specifications. Hence, it can be concluded that an integrated of BIM and 3D GIS can provide us with the ultimate tools for better coordinating and designing a building. However, integration of BIM and 3D GIS is complex because BIM is a CAD based system and 3D GIS is a Geospatial system. However, a number of studies have been undertaken to investigate the relationship between BIM and 3D GIS (Geiger et al. 2015, El Meouche 2013).
This paper outlines a project in reconstructing of a 3D model using integrating aerial images and point cloud data that has application in urban planning, Disaster Management System (DMS), Smart Cities, BIM, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), and so on. The result of author participation in ISPRS test project on urban classification and 3D building reconstruction that was initiated and launched by ISPRS Commission III WG III/4 are presented. This paper is organised as follows. Section 2 briefly reviews the object detection and 3D modelling. Section 3 discusses the proposal followed by the study area that is given in section 4. Section 5 explains the implementation and its results. Finally, the conclusion will be given in section 6.