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With the increase in population and technological advancements in the world, there has been an increase in the consumption and in demand of energy. This has majorly impacted the environment in negative way in terms of pollution and emission of greenhouse gases. The majority of energy consumption occurs in transportation and electricity generation which is fulfilled by using conventional energy resources (Das, H.S., et. al., 2015) The use of conventional energy resources like fossil fuels for electricity generation is not only harmful for environment but these resources are also limited in nature. Due to environmental concerns and fuel crises, emphasis is being shifted on to the use of renewable energy sources (RESs). These are abundant in nature as well as eco-friendly. A renewable energy source like solar energy can be one of the best alternatives in electricity generation to meet and deal with the future energy demands. Several investigations have been done on the usage of solar energy and its advantages. Sumit, Pal, K., Gupta, S. (2020) focuses on modeling of photovoltaic modules and analyzed the model’s maximum power generation capability under partial shading conditions. It demonstrated the effects of varying values of model parameters as well as the effect of different solar light intensity and ambient temperature. Gupta, N.K., et al.(2018) have evaluated the performance of an isolated photovoltaic power plant roof-top installation is evaluated with an objective to promote the use of mini-isolated solar power plants in order to provide electricity to schools and houses in rural areas and places with difficult terrains.
Primarily, one of the essential parts of sustainable development in energy systems is to plan and design mechanisms that can improve the overall efficiency of the system while reducing the alarming greenhouse gas emissions. And, in order to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the burden on direct oil consumption in the transportation sector, electric vehicles (EVs) of different types, such as battery EVs (BEVs) and Plug in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) are being introduced in different countries. Then again, these vehicles are required to be charged form the power grid. As a consequence, connecting several EVs to the grid is currently a foremost concern. EVs put a high burden on the power system network, but on the other hand can be utilized to improve power system reliability and efficiency if it is considered as a planned load (Habib, S. et al., 2015).
Mass penetration of EVs produce adverse effects on distribution systems as explained by Zhang, C. et al. (2014) & Etezadi M. et al. (2010). Bahrami, S. et al. (2015) has addressed the procedures for integrating EVs in electric power systems. Power demand or the load profile varies every hour in a day. With an increase in end consumers and EVs which directly or indirectly depend on grid for its charging, the peak load demand is also gradually increasing. Due to this, regulating the electricity supply and load demand or else meeting the peak load demand have become chief concerns for utilities discussed by Uddin, M. et al. (2018). As a consequence, peak load shaving has become one of the most important aspects in dynamic research. A number of studies have been performed on peak shaving of the load demand in Rahman, M.M. et al. (2019).