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The problem of the connection between bodily diseases and mental states and personality experiences has been developed since the very origins of psychology as a science in the works of I. p. Pavlov, G. Selye, Z. Freud, V. Reich, and others. Interest in this problem is not running out today. In a number of works some authors, such as Zaitsev (1997), Drobizhev (2000), Kiseleva (2012) analyzed the negative effects of stress and various psychological characteristics of the individual on the course of somatic diseases. The behavior models of patients with certain diseases were studied (Zaitsev, 1997).
The questions of socio-psychological determinants of the interpersonal interaction of somatic patients with surrounding people are also interesting. In particular, in 2008 D.V. Gartfelder studied the differences in the characteristics of the interpersonal interaction of patients with cardiovascular disease with hospital staff and people around them (Vinokur, 2002).
It is known that approximately 60-80% of all diseases are caused by the psychological reasons or, at least, are connected with them. Headaches, gastrointestinal upsets, sleep disturbances, rheumatic diseases, pain, asthma, heart failure, sexual dysfunctions, gynecological diseases, phobias, depressions, obsessive states are increasingly being considered today in connection with experiences, processing of experiences, mental and psychosocial conflicts. Reich (1997) convincingly proves that modern society is characterized by psychosomatic diseases, which are based on biopathy. “Emotional plague” in the figurative expression of Reich (1997) is a chronic biopathy of the body in various manifestations: neurosis, psychopathy, phobia, schizoid states and so on.
The scientist believes that the propensity of the population of most countries to the emotional plague disease is widespread. There are no individuals completely free of the emotional plague. Just as everyone has a tendency to get cancer, schizophrenia and alcoholism, so every individual, even completely healthy and active, has a tendency to irrational reactions that reflect the biopathy of the body (Reich, 1997).
Any disease disorganizes social and psychological life and can, in certain situations, be experienced more acutely than disturbances in somatic functioning. The most frequently diagnosed pathologies of the psyche are mood changes, depressive, suicidal thoughts, anxiety or delusional disorders in patients with skin diseases (Pashinyan, Subbotina, Akopyan, Dontsova, Dzhavaeva, 2018). According to a number of authors, diseases that relate to the intimate sphere is an expressed traumatic factor, in which the role of psychological characteristics increases significantly (Brehman,1990, Mendelevich, 2005).
Various manifestations of psycho-emotional disorders, disorders of the system of significant relationships are possible with gynecological diseases. At the same time, the circle of contacts with people is being narrowed, the importance of the female and social role, position in relation to all life situations are being changed. Gynecological diseases are accompanied by feelings of inferiority, guilt, shame, anxiety (Banshchikov, Guskov, Myagkov,1967).
The severity of the course of the gynecological disease, its chronization and attitude to treatment largely depend on the psychological characteristics of the patients (Brehman,1990, Broytigam, Christian, Rad,1999, Markova, 2000).
It was shown in the study of A.S.Kocharyan and coauthors that women with gynecological diseases have a decrease in activity, a lack of ability to conduct a productive dialogue and constructive discussion, a tendency to avoid confrontations due to fear of breaking symbiotic relationships. An undeveloped ability to adequate respond to emotional experiences in interpersonal situations is also noticed. At the same time, women with uterine fibroids are characterized by self-doubt, a dismissive attitude towards themselves, while women with endometriosis, on the contrary, are distinguished by ambitions and fantasies about power. And regardless of pathology, women with gynecological pathology are characterized by excessive strengthening of psychological defense mechanisms, which leads to a low ability to recognize their errors and makes it difficult to effectively resolve personal problems.