Preconditions for the Management of Invention-Innovation Diffusion Process

Brief Introduction Into System Theories

Bertalanffy (1979) as father of general systems theory supported the theory of total holism as worldview. He found such holism in nature. We cannot achieve total holism with existing related theories and methods. Dialectical systems theory introduces a step of selection of only the most important viewpoints into consideration. We select the viewpoints for observation of objective reality based on our specialization, experiences, cooperation and they derive from objective needs and possibilities. From these viewpoints the necessary elements and their interrelatedness are included into observation of objective reality. The number of elements (parts) and their interrelatedness (connectedness, mutual influences) determines how close to holistic approach we will come. Due to the characteristics of the vast number of elements and their relations the complexity and complicatedness increases. Such dialectical systems are very difficult to be managed. A system as simplification (Mulej et al., 2008) includes less viewpoints, elements and relations. It is further away from objective reality and closer to be manageable (Mulej, 2007b, Mulej & Zenko, 2004). All the viewpoints not included in our system still exist in reality. They need to be included and managed in other dialectical systems (Table 1, middle part) or they cause unwanted or unexpected side effects. Since it is not possible to manage a system including all viewpoints and it is too dangerous to left too many aside, with requisite holism as by Mulej and Kajzer (1998) we can include all essential interdependent viewpoints.