Resource Scheduling in Fog Environment Using Optimization Algorithms for 6G Networks

Introduction

In the Fog Computing environment, computation and processing of tasks have enhanced nearest to the data source on the edge devices. Edge devices are IoT devices and sensor devices are available in an open environment and provide data for processing in a fog environment. Numerous kinds of devices like servers, Base stations, and networking devices are available in the Fog environment (Mahmud, R., Kotagiri, R., & Buyya (2018)). These machines are diversed in terms of processing ability and infrastructure. Each fog device has its computation, storage, and processing capabilities, and these devices are distributed in nature and can be placed anywhere like on Bus Terminals, on-road, and in the parks for processing. Tasks/Jobs are assigned to these devices for computation or processing. A Job can be any number of tasks, which have to be accomplished at a given time or at a given deadline to accomplish any scheduled work.

(Choudhari, T., Moh, M., & Moh, T. S. (2018); Yin, L., Luo, J., & Luo, H. (2018;Tiwari, R., Mittal, M., Garg, S., & Kumar, S. (2022))).

As shown inFigure 1 , Fog nodes or Fog environment exists in the middle of the IoT device surface and Cloud surface. Many conventional Networking machines like switches, routers etc. are acting as the Fog nodes in a system. These devices are available near the proximity of edge devices and provide depositiry and computational resources near the edge devices. it helps to work with low bandwidth networks and reduces latency in the system as compared to the cloud environment. (Kumar, S., & Tiwari, R. (2020); Wang, S., Zhao, T., & Pang, S. (2020)).

Later, the Fog environment will promisingly support the 6G network in terms of computation and storage services. IoT services will get high support from the Fog environment at the time of the 6G network. IoT devices and 6G networks may be dealt with problems of resource scheduling.

Because the 6G network will be operating on high network bandwidth. So, the problem of synchronization, energy consumption, and resource scheduling may be raised. In this work, we have discussed various resource scheduling problems that may be faced in the future, and what type of improvement can be considered in terms of IoT devices and 6G networks. It is assumed that the 6G network will work on the strategy of providing association everywhere and at every-time. with the development of IoT devices and the expansion of human activities such as high altitude, deep oceans, and sea. The goal of future aspects will be to communicate with each one or connect with any object at anytime and anywhere.

Figure 1.

Fog computing environment

Applications

Now day’s fog computing is used in many areas, some of the large areas mentioned like Wang, A., Yan, P., & Batiha, K. (2020); Naranjo, P. G. V., Pooranian, Z., Shojafar, M., Conti, M., & Buyya, R. (2019); Pereira, J., Ricardo, L., Lu´ıs, M., Senna, C., & Sargento, S. (2019); Gao, N., Xu, C., Peng, X., Luo, H., Wu, W., & Xie, G. (2020):