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Top1. Introduction
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network of sensing nodes using wireless infrastructure for communication. The lifetime of the network can be increased only by optimal usage of energy by the sensor nodes. The intelligent routing model is always selecting nodes with accurate shortest path, so that network life increases. Since the wireless network is open access, the communication must be secured from message capture and tampering attacks. The sensor nodes sense various environmental parameters and send it via multi-hop communication to the sink. Advancement in sensing technology and cost reduction has made WSN being adopted for many applications like industrial control, wildlife monitoring and precision farming. The proposed model is more useful for medical, Mobile, and industrial applications for data transferring and network security. The wireless sensor network with energy efficient applications is providing easy of access and importing to any transferrable devices. So that these WSN is most appropriate for all application in both industrial as well as medical. Sensors are powered by batteries are they are mostly used in unattended environments. Energy is consumed in sensors due to various processes like: sensing, processing, transmission, and reception of packets. Due to improper decision factors in routing and sensing, the energy depletes at a faster rate and energy drains out at some nodes. Node’s death creates holes in the network affecting the sensing and routing performance degrading the quality of service in the network. Unattended nature of deployment, makes replacing the battery a costly or impossible task. Another important issue in sensor network is that due to its open nature, it becomes a easy target for attacks. Attacks like message capture, drops and tampering reduces the reliability of the wireless sensor network and thus there is need to provide security and attack resiliency in wireless sensor network. The node's energy and processing limitations dictate the security technique that may be used in a wireless sensor network. Increasing the network's lifespan was previously addressed in a number of different ways. A clustering and routing solution, a sample rate modification (duty cycling), physical layer protocols, and a communication range adjustment were among the types of solutions that were presented in this paper. Routing based solution are much more effective in reducing the energy consumption compared to other solutions. The existing routing-based solutions can be categorized as: clustering-based solution, residual energy-based routing, multipath routing, relay node placement and mobile sink. Clustering based approach requires structure of network into clusters with cluster head for each cluster. Nodes provide data to cluster head where aggregation is done and a composite packet is sent to base station. The energy efficiency is accomplished by forwarding by lowering the number of packets to be sent to base station by aggregation and filtering of packets. Residual energy-based routing method includes picking the next hop for routing based on the residual energy of nodes. But for every node to know the remaining energy of its neighbors’ nodes, hello packet needs to be sent which in turn would diminish the energy of nodes. Multi-Path routing deals with selecting different routes each time so that energy is not drained on single path and energy is fairly used on all paths. Relay node placement involves optimal placement of nodes for improved coverage and replacement of relay nodes alone to sustain the life time of nodes. Mobile sink involves movement of sink nodes to collect the data from nodes; through movement of sink nodes the effective hop count to sink is reduced.
This work is clustering based solution and proposes a secure load balanced routing scheme for wireless sensor network to address two important goals of life time improvement and security against message capture and tampering attack.