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Textile industries positively affect the economic development worldwide. China is the most important exporter of all types of textiles, followed by the European Union, India and then the USA. However, one of the problems associated with textile factories is the unacceptable effluent, especially dyes, which are difficult to degrade. The classification of textile industries depends on the type of fabrics they produce, including cellulosic materials obtained from plants (e.g. cotton, rayon and linen), protein fabrics, which come from animals (e.g. wool, silk and mohair), and synthetic fabrics produced artificially (e.g. nylon, polyester and acrylic). Fiber production in textile factories includes dry and wet processes. The wet process uses a considerable quantity of potable water and releases highly contaminated wastewater. This process consists of sizing, de-sizing, sourcing, bleaching, mercerising, dyeing, printing and finishing techniques.
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Sizing: The process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during the weaving.
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De-sizing: The process of removing sizing agent from woven fabric prior to subsequent processes, such as bleaching, dyeing, and finishing.
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Scouring: The process of removing impurities.
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Bleaching: The process of removing or lightening colored materials.
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Mercerization: The process of improving lustre, dyeability, and strength of cellulosic material.
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Dyeing: The process of coloring fibers, yarns, or fabrics.
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Printing: The application of colorants in definite, repeated patterns to fabric, yarn, or sliver by any one of a number of methods other than dyeing.
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Finishing: The final process given to a textile material to give good appearance, functional properties, such as water-repellent, shrink-resistant, and wrinkle-resistant.
Washing and drying processes are also applied after different process stages, such as desizing, bleaching, and mercerizing, and especially after dyeing process to remove the dyestuff, which is not fixed on the textile.
Existing System
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In existing Pollution monitoring system the pH Value of the waste water can only be measured by the industry.
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These pH value measurements are only done by the concern industry people.
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The pH value submitted to pollution control are not the real pH value.
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Pollution control boards are unaware of the pH value of waste water which is let into major Water bodies.
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This results in Hazardous Water Pollution which leads to unbalance in ecosystem and Humans are affected by harmful diseases.