Smart Traffic Light Management Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

2. Research Background And Overview

Smart road systems use communication between vehicles and infrastructure in order to reduce congestion and environmental impact and improve traffic through this communication and cooperation and coordination between vehicles and other elements on the road in addition to the control of vehicles and transfer functions of the driver to the vehicle (Varaiya, 1993). Smart City means the interaction and cooperation between the components of the city such as traffic system, which uses internet of things (IoT) to deal with the different components of the city, where communication between these components becomes easy. Intelligent Transportation system (ITS) focuses on important elements such as transport management system, control and transport problems solutions. ITS is important in reducing congestion, accidents, risks, air pollution, increasing traffic safety, smoothing traffic flow, and identifying appropriate speeds and destinations. This section explains some essential concepts and backgrounds that are required to understand this research.