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Social networks can be indicators that help to determine whether the individuals or organizations within the networks interact well with one another (Cross et al., 2001). Based on the literature on social networks (Balkundi & Harrison, 2006; Cook & Whitmeyer, 1992; Laumann et al., 1978; Long et al., 2019, Tompson et al.; 2019), a social network is defined as a social structure with nodes and ties in this paper.
Nodes are entities, or actors in a network, such as individuals, or agents, or organizations. Ties (link or edge) are objects such as friendship, membership, locations, kinship, interest, and profession which tie people or organizations together and help people form certain relationships (Long et al., 2019, Tompson et al., 2019).