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In the development of modern nanotechnology, a significant role is played by research on nanoparticles obtained from extracts of a medicinal plant using solutions of metal salts. This is due to a wide range of possibilities for their practical application, in which the specific properties of both the nanoparticles themselves obtained from the extracts of medicinal plants and the materials modified by them are used (Evstigneeva & Pchelkin, 2006; Sergeev, 2003). Nowadays, the nanoscience developing at the intersection of physics, chemistry, and biology, where the rapid advance of the nanoscience in the last decade is primarily due to the development of new methods for synthesis, study, and modification of nanostructures (Sergeev, 2003). In addition, nanoparticles can be classified by their size, number of atoms in a particle, and number ratio of surface to bulk atoms. In nanoscience the key problem is to determine the influence exerted by the size of particles on their chemical activity. To find it, the methods for synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles are important (Sergeev, 2003). Methods for analysis of the size and properties of nanoparticles are also very important (Sergeev, 2003).
In addition to the above, in recent years, researchers have increasingly put the attention to the creation of nanodrugs based on nanoparticles (nanoparticles are the sizes of medicinal particles at nanoscale levels, i.e. a billionth of a meter), which will be delivered by blood flow directly to the diseased human organ, which will increase the efficiency of its use and reduce side effects. In this regard, obtaining effective nanodrugs based on natural raw materials is relevant (Egorova, 2011a; Egorova, 2011b).
Among the methods for producing nanoparticles, a large group is formed by methods of chemical synthesis based on the reduction of metal ions to atoms in solutions under conditions favorable to the subsequent aggregation of atoms and ions with the formation of nanoparticles. One of these methods of obtaining metal nanoparticles is the method of biochemical synthesis, on the basis of which a new direction has emerged in the field of synthesis, research of properties and development of applications for metal nanoparticles. It can be said that the need to create such a direction stemmed from the needs for the development of research in nanochemistry, nanomedicine and nanopathology, focused primarily on solving applied problems using the achievements of nanotechnology (Egorova, 2011a).
The possibilities of studying the properties of metal nanoparticles, developing options for their practical application, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of their biological action largely depend on the method of preparation, which in many cases determines their structure, size, physical and chemical properties and, most importantly, stability - the lifetime in nanoscale state (Egorova, 2011a).
Thus, it can be argued that the determination of the ways and means of the effect of metal nanoparticles on a living organism is an extremely important and urgent work, which is necessary, firstly, to improve existing and create new drugs or methods of treatment, that is, for nanomedicine, in secondly, to clarify the causes of nanopathologies and, thirdly, to establish scientifically grounded permissible ranges of concentrations and sizes of nanoparticles in water, air, or in the composition of various materials with which a person comes into contact (Egorova, 2011b; Scientific foundations and prospects for the development of oncology, 2008).