Teachers' Successful Information and Communication Technology Integration in Primary School: A Malaysian Cultural-Historical Case Study

Background

ICT integration in teaching in Malaysia manifests through the implementation of the 21st-century learning program, also known in Malaysia as Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK21) (MOE, 2013). The PAK21 emphasis on student-centered learning is based on four skills: communication, collaborative, critical thinking, and creativity. These skills can be achieved with the help of ICT to support teachers in their teaching. MOE has launched the pilot of the PAK21 program in 2014. In 2015, the successful PAK21 scaled-up nationwide. For implementing the PAK21, the first effort by Malaysia's ETD is providing the material for EduWebTV in 2008. To date, there are 865 programs TV has produced for teaching purposes, consisting of 440 for secondary school and 425 for primary school. The producers for education programs are about 50, comprising 20 from MOE; 15 from Astro Tutor Channel; and 15 from other freelance production houses, namely World Summit on Media for Children Foundation. The learning management system (LMS) was also introduced to schools in 2008, a web-based application to support teachers' teaching. In 2013, there are 120 schools ware used digitized material in LMS for integrating into teaching.