Testing a Commercial BCI Device for In-Vehicle Interfaces Evaluation: A Simulator and Real-World Driving Study

Comparison of Simulated and Real Driving

The usage of driving simulators raises the question of transferring the results from simulated (whether of a low or a high quality) to real environments. Several studies found differences between those conditions: Indeed, Reymond et al. (2001) found that in driving simulator experiments curvilinear speed was underestimated when taking a curve. It has also been demonstrated (Boer et al., 2000) that participants braked later and stronger in driving simulator than in a real-driving environment. However, Panerai et al. (2001) showed that speed control did not vary significantly between the two types of environments. Finally, Engström, Johansson and Östlund (2005) found the estimated workload higher in real-driving condition than in simulated one.