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Top2. Research Overview On Career Counseling
In Vietnam, the career counseling is concerned and practiced at the target, content in the general education program. Especially, The ministry of Education and Training promulgated the project of whole general education programs on 19th January 2018 with particular target: “Helping students develop continuously and competence of the labourers; citizen’s awareness and personality; self-study ability and self-study awareness forever, suitable career choice ability with competence and hobby; condition and circumstances of themselves to continue studying higher; studying career or taking part in labour life; correspondence ability with the changes of global background and new industrial revolution.”
The career counseling is an important content in all periods of the general education program. However, some places, some schools carry out the career counseling ineffectively, the people who work in this field are mainly head-class teacher and technology teachers. Those teacher groups are not trained formally, a lower number of teachers and not enough qualification. They are not equiped with knowledge and skill about career counseling. They help students mainly by their experience. Therefore, the career counseling at High school activity has difficult and ineffecient. The qualification doesn't respond with the requirement of students and society. The students don't prepare carefully to choose a suitable job for them and the demanding of society.
The career counseling appeared in the end of 19th century in the world, as well as the creation of career theory, development career with the typical representators such as:
The authors gave many career counseling theories which have value nowadays for example: Trait and factor theory (Parsons, 1909), career development and system theory (McMahon & Patton, 2006), theory about position controlling (Krumholtz & Levin, 2004), five factor theory (McMahon & Patton, 2006), theory of personality (Holland, 1997). These theories poit out:
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In choosing career procedure, each individual must understand himself, career world and the relation between individual feature and detail work requirement to choose a suitable work;
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Choosing career of each individual only not belongs to the subjective elements but also the objective elements that are influenced by their family, friends'idea, social trend, local customs. We can't control surroundings but we may control our internal feelings and be the master of our fate;
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Emphasizing five main factors in career counseling influence to each individual's career choice decision: 1. The effort; 2. The sense; 3. The extrovert; 4. The satisfaction; 5. The pleasant with experience: Intelligent, brave, imaginative, curious, creative, different;
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Describing six kinds of typical people, six types of environmental correspondence. There are careers correspondence with each personality type and working environment. Therefore, there is the agreement between people and working environment.