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Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the US government agency that determines the safety of food products and drugs, so that more effective and safer for the quality improvement of customer health care (Johnson, 2016). The institute acts as an authority to deny or to authorize exports of Food and Drugs from other countries. Indonesian fishery and marine products are products that often be rejected by the institution. There were 146 rejection cases in 2010 with majority reason of pathogenic bacteria, followed by excessive of chemical residue (Rinto, 2010). Particularly in the crab industry, there were 381 rejection cases during 2002 to 2013 which were caused by high levels of chloramphenicol (Fahmi, Maksum, & Suwondo, 2015). According to Hariyadi and Hariyadi (2003) Indonesian fishery producers have lack of basic food safety.
The role of government is needed to prioritize the issues of food safety regulation, to provide training for producers and customers, and to communicate these issues to relevant parties (Hariyadi & Hariyadi, 2003). The government role is necessary given that Indonesian Crab has the largest market share in the US. In addition, cooperation between sectors is also important to consider that fishery production in Indonesia is more than 50 percent of the total fish production. Revenue from fishery industries is significant, reaching US$139 million in 2014, with 31.2 percent of total production for the export market (Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistic, 2014). Moreover, fishery industry contributes to higher growth of GDP than the growth of Indonesian national economy. Potential economy of the resources in fishery sector reaches US$82 billion each year, which includes capture fishery, aquaculture, public waters, freshwater aquaculture, and marine biotechnology, and also renewable resources. (National Development Planning Agency, 2011).
However, there has been a variety of crab exploitation in crab producers-countries which was triggered by high economic value and export demand. A study by Hamid and Wardiatno (2015) in Central Buton, Indonesia has found that there has been overfishing of the blue swimming crab with the exploitation rate of males 0.61 and females 0.71. The fishing mortality rate is also high to be compared to the natural mortality rate, which is 1.90 compared to 0.98. A similar phenomenon happens in Kenya. The size of the exported Mud Crab decreased from 1 kg to 0.5 kg (Mirera, 2011). Likewise, there has been an exploitation of American horseshoe crab in American waters causing local crab extirpation (Smith et al., 2017). Hence, a lesson learned of Betahwalang crab industry in Indonesia is needed to describe how a triple helix works on business sustainability.
The success of the fishery industry could not be separated from the role of small business, especially fishermen and traders. However, the small businesses are assumed as un-environmentally friendly businesses, despite a fact that in Indonesia they have high concern towards their social environment but not to the natural environment (Prabawani, 2013) with its all limitations, that are resources and managerial limitations (Rammer, Czarnitzki, & Spielkamp, 2008). Moreover, in relation to the natural environment, small businesses do not get sufficient publication from the media and communities (Belu, 2009; Masurel, 2007; Werbach, 2009). This has made small business seemed to be ignorant and/or did not understand of business sustainability practices. In fact, small businesses which have low bargaining position actually have a significant contribution towards local and national economies.