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Top2. Background
The creation of knowledge usually starts with a new combination of diverse data, information, knowledge, or wisdom (Nakamori, 2004a, b), but it further involves interactions between tacit and explicit knowledge (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995). Three processes of normal knowledge creation in academia are described in Wierzbicki and Nakamori: hermeneutics (gathering scientific information and knowledge from literature, web and other sources and reflecting on these materials), represented as the EAIR (Enlightenment-Analysis-Immersion-Reflection)Spiral; debate(discussing in a group research under way), represented as the EDIS(Enlightenment-Debate-Immersion-Selection)Spiral; experiment(testing ideas and hypotheses by experimental research), represented as the EEIS (Enlightenment-Experiment-Interpretation-Selection) Spiral. Since all of these spirals begin with having an idea, called the Enlightenment effect, they can be combined into a Triple Helix of normal knowledge creation Furthermore, a systemic and process-like method to knowledge creation called I-System (Ma & Nakamori, 2004) was developed based on Shinayakana Systems Approach. Five ontological elements of this system are Intervention (problem and requirement perspective), Intelligence (public knowledge and scientific dimension), Involvement (social motivation), Imagination (creative dimension), and Integration (synthesized knowledge). According to the analyses of the Triple Helix theory, the questionnaire should concentrate on selected four main topics, i.e. Enlightenment (generating an idea), Hermeneutics (gathering scientific information and knowledge from diverse sources and reflecting on the materials; represented as Analysis and Reflection), Debate (discussing the idea in a group research under way), Experiment (testing idea by experimental research); but the theory of I-System suggests also fifth topic, Research Planning.