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Top1. Introduction
Influenced with the fast development of modern communication antennas with excellent return loss, voltage standing wave ratio, gain, and efficiency microstrip antennas are insignificant ought. Due to the advantage of low profile, ease of mass fabrication, small size, and low-cost patch antennas become more prevalent (Balanis, 2009). New wireless communication protocols are now hooked to new latest technologies. To meet the analogy requirements and efficacy efficiency of the high-performance spacecraft, missile application aircraft, where cost, performance, ease of installation, weight, and aerodynamic profile are essential, the Micro-strip antenna could be the answer “Yes.” Various private and government commercial application like radio and wireless communication Micro-strip antenna does meet the requirements of all the performance parameters (Harish & Sachidananda, 2007; Malik & Singh, 2019; Rappaport et al., 2017). Discreetly microstrip antennas are absolute and conformal to non-planer and planer surfaces, inexpensive and straightforward to design, mechanically robust, and can be easily manufactured using the latest printed circuit technology on printed circuit board. Three game player entities in this technology are ground plane, substrate, and radiating patch. Polarization, impedance and radiation pattern can be changed by adding the load between the ground planes and radiating patch, like varactor diode with a variable resonant frequency. Some of the disadvantages of Micro-strip antenna are high Q (In some cases up to 100), poor scan performance, weak polarization, low power, spurious radiation, and low bandwidth over resonant frequency. It is interesting to note that in some of the government and private applications, a narrow bandwidth is also desired; microstrip antenna could be used there efficiently (Dorrah & Eleftheriades, 2020; Malik et al., 2020). Rather efficiency of the antenna can be increased by increasing the height of the substrate and also making the use of the less dielectric constant substrate. Different performance parameters of the microstrip antenna (Gain, Return loss (S11), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), Efficiency, and Bandwidth) are dependent on some dimensional entities of the radiating patch (Chen et al., 2019; Ziolkowski & Engheta, 2020). These dimensional entities are the width of the antenna, length of the antenna, feed line length, slot or slit cut on the antenna and dielectric grave values used in the dielectric substrate of the antenna. Also, it is one of the crucial parts in circuit designing to achieve compactness. Different types of antennas are available in the market like Horn antenna, dipole antenna, PIFA, and microstrip patch antenna etc. Nowadays, in communication systems low profile antennas are desired to achieve high performance over wide range of frequencies. Due to such reasons microstrip patch antenna are gaining much attention in this field and used widely because of their numerous advantages like low profile, low cost, planar, robustness, and conformability to curved surfaces, ease of installation and fabrication simple and inexpensive to manufacture using modern printed circuit technology.