A Study on Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Protocols

Introduction

Wireless sensor networks have potential to monitor environments for both military and civil applications (Iyengar et.al.(1995), Pottie et. Al(2000),Khan et. Al.(1999), Akyildiz et.al.(2005)). WSN are also known as motes which has got sensing ability. Normally they exist in group for communicating sensor nodes which works in a co-operative and coordinating manner to collect data from physical world as of their respective communication protocols (Fazlic et.al(2019)). Every node present in WSN has processing capability, RF transceiver, power source apart from sensing and actuating units (Khan et. Al.,1999). The processed data will be forwarded to sink (destination node) using single or multiple routes (Mao et.al, (2013), Ramson et.al.,(2017)).

There are several constraints in WSN among which the major concern of interest factor in WSN is energy efficient routing since sensor life time is limited as they dependent on batteries. In sensor network, a wireless media is used to link nodes for communication purpose. The commonly used transmission media are briefed in table 1.