AI-Enabled Internet of Nano Things Methodology for Healthcare Information Management

Introduction

Before the recent changes in wireless communication and networking paradigms, it was hard to think of ways to improve the way healthcare services ((Nwosu A.U. et al, 2021), (Rajawat A.S., Bei P. et al 2022), (D. S. Bin Abdul Hamid et al 2021), (Pradeep Bedi et al, 2021), (Goyal, S B. et al 2021)) were designed. According to the information in (P, K., & P, A. S., 2018) body area networks (BANs) can make it possible for patients' vital signs and health problems to be sensed and reported in a way that is very close to real time. With the help of mobile health (mHealth) and wearable health systems, medical care can be given on a number of mobile platforms, such as smartphones and other wearable devices. Sensor networks can send out warnings about things in the environment that are important to health. It is expected that the Internet of Things (IoT) will be able to provide health services that are more advanced and integrated. This is because the many different smart devices and sensor networks will be able to connect and work together. A wide range of medical applications can be made possible and supported by the networking paradigms listed above. However, at the moment, these paradigms are only useful for basic health monitoring and reporting, assisted and ambient living, and offline diagnostics. The health risks and precautions that must be taken make it hard to use these networking models. To create health and medical services and deliver sophisticated and fine-grained applications, networking paradigms with design primitives that allow smooth and noninvasive deployment in different contexts, such as a person's environment, on the body, and inside the body, are needed. Nanonetworks are a new way to connect computers that is made possible by recent discoveries in nanotechnology. They have a lot of potential to help medical applications go beyond just monitoring. It's very exciting to think about. Nanonetworks could be used for a lot of different things, such as stopping epidemics, doing surgery on a nanoscale level, and making drug delivery more effective. Nanomachines (M. N. M. Samsuddin et al. 2021), which are also called “nano-devices,” are the building blocks of a nanonetwork. From one to a few hundred nanometers is how big they are. Nanomachines could be able to sense their surroundings and react to them. The information they gather could be sent to nano-devices called nano-routers. The data can then be sent by these nano-routers to bigger devices like micro-devices, cellphones, and access points. The human body has enough room for many different nanonetworks, each of which may have a different purpose. The nano-devices should be able to talk to each other mostly through chemical communication and Terahertz electromagnetic communication, which are two different technologies. The release of certain molecules and the reactions to those molecules can be thought of as a form of molecular communication, similar to how information signals are sent and received. This way of talking is easy to set up because nano-devices are so small and only work in a small area. For sending data at the nanoscale, radio waves with electromagnetic fields that work in the terahertz range are used. The nanomaterials that will be used to make the antenna determine both the bandwidth and the power for a given amount of input energy (S. Bandyopadhyay et al., 2022), Nanomachines can be used in biological systems like the human body and in a wide range of environmental settings without harming them. This is possible because of their small size, which is measured in nanometers. Nanomachines, on the other hand, are very limited at the nanoscale. They have very little energy, memory, and communication range, so they can only do the most basic calculations (Himanshi Babbar; et al.,2022). Nanonetworks can connect nanomachines so they can work together and share information, even though they are very small and have a limited range of communication. To make it easier for nanomachines to connect to the Internet, which is becoming known as the Internet of Nano-Things, the design of communication technologies that allow this kind of cooperation and give access to situations that would be hard for standard sensing devices needs to be rethought to take into account the different situations and sizes. This will help make what is being called the “Internet of Nano-Things” possible (IoNT). Researchers have recently proposed that molecular communication is the only way for nanonetworks to work. They called this possible future development the “Internet of BioNano-Things”. This article talks at length about the architectural requirements and networking needs for Internet of Things-based health care applications. Instead of focusing on specific use cases, we give a broad classification of needs that can be traced back to the IoNT's generic application functionality. Instead of focusing on each use case, this is done. We also put a lot of attention on the possible benefits of using IoNT in the healthcare industry. We talk about the problems that come up when setting up and evaluating IoNT, such as deployment, communication, and compatibility with already-established networking paradigms. In the end, we'll talk more about the many problems that need to be solved in order to bring healthcare applications down to the nanoscale, with a focus on the networking stack's many layers. To be more specific, the structure of this document is described further down. In the second part of this paper, we will talk about the big picture of ubiquitous healthcare and the architectural requirements that will make the use of nanonetworks necessary. In the section 3, we'll talk about the IoNT's possible uses and benefits in the healthcare field. In Section 4, we talk about how the performance evaluation and the analysis are going right now. In Section 5, we talk about the IoNT networking requirements and problems that need to be solved for creative healthcare applications to be made possible. The conclusion is the last thing you will read in the paper.