Abstract
Most of the educational activities moved to online learning environments during the COVID-19 outbreak. The e-flipped classroom model is one of the learning strategies proposed by several researchers to make online instruction more engaging and effective. It is not more than the conventional flipped classroom, but it is the adaptation of that model to the online learning contexts. It includes three instructional phases: pre-class, in-class, and after-class online learning activities. Learners first experience the content—mainly in video lectures—before the live classes. The in-class activities generally include discussion sessions via videoconferencing tools to improve the cognitive skills of learners. Finally, learner performance is assessed after the live classes. These phases should be carefully designed to meet the desired learning outcomes in the e-flipped model. To do so, educators should consider the arguments of several theoretical orientations. This chapter focuses on the e-flipped classroom, an emerging method in online instruction, from different perspectives.
TopEducation During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has influenced people's lives in many ways due to its easily contagious nature. Countries across the world have taken drastic measures to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. As one of the precautions, the authorities closed the physical campuses of educational institutions, and the institutions moved their educational practices to online environments to continue education. Accordingly, students, teachers, and faculties rapidly transitioned to the online education format (Bozkurt et al., 2020). This unforeseen transition to online education has brought various challenges. Bozkurt and Sharma (2020a) described this period as a wake-up call to see the weaknesses of education. In this regard, considering the challenges faced by students, teachers, and faculties in the times of the Covid-19 outbreak and offering instructional approaches to fulfill the challenges could help ameliorate future educational practices and produce better learning outcomes at large.
The differentiation of the educational practices in the Covid-19 pandemic from distance education is critical to form future educational practices. Although the teaching and learning activities in the pandemic occur in online environments through web technologies, they fundamentally differ from distance education. The studies in the literature define distance education as a more intentional and guided practice, whereas they describe the implementations in the Covid-19 pandemic as emergency remote education, which refers to obligatory online teaching activities in order to survive in times of crisis (Bozkurt et al., 2020; Bozkurt & Sharma, 2020a; Hodges et al., 2020). Moreover, while remote education implies spatial distance, distance education refers to the psychological distance (Bozkurt & Sharma, 2020b). Thus, the education practices in the Covid-19 pandemic could be described as emergency remote education due to the rapid and obligatory transition to the online education format.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Flipped Classroom: It is a blended learning approach in which students come to the classroom having knowledge of the course topic, and instructors carry out collaborative student-centric activities in the classroom rather than lecturing the course topics ( Bergmann & Sams, 2012 ).
Transactional Distance: It is the “psychological and communication space to be crossed, a space for potential misunderstanding between the inputs of instructor and those of the learner” ( Moore, 1993 , p. 22).
Emergency Remote Education: It is a sub-branch of distance education and was stated as an obligation to survive in the time of crisis ( Bozkurt et al., 2020 ).
Community Of Inquiry: It is a “group of individuals who collaboratively engage in purposeful reflection and discourse in the construction of personal meaning and confirmation of mutual understanding” ( Garrison 2016 , pp. 111-112).
COVID-19: It is a highly infectious disease caused by novel type corona virus (WHO, 2020 AU5: The in-text citation "WHO, 2020" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Live Class Activities: Online learning activities on videoconferencing tools.
E-Flipped Classroom: It is an online learning approach in which all learning activities are performed online in the line with the requirements of conventional flipped classroom model.