Designing various energy-saving routing protocols for real-time internet of things (IoT) applications in modern secure wireless sensor networks (MS-WSN) is a tough task. Many hierarchical protocols for WSNs were not well scalable to large-scale IoT applications. Low energy adaptive two-level-CH clustering hierarchy (LEATCH) is an optimized technique reduces the energy-utilization of few cluster heads, but the LEATCH is not suitable for scalable and dynamic routing. For dynamic routing in MS-WSN, energy efficiency and event clustering adaptive routing protocol (EEECARP) with event-based dynamic clustering and relay communication by selecting intermediates nodes as relay-nodes is necessary. However, EEECARP cannot consider the hop-count, different magnitude ecological conditions, and energy wastage in cluster formation while collisions occur. So, the authors propose the modified EEECARP to address these issues for better dynamic event clustering adaptive routing to improve the lifetime of MS-WSNs. The experimental outcomes show that proposed protocol achieves better results than EEECARP and LEATCH.
TopIntroduction
The modern-secured-WSN is containing many sensor-nodes, tiny battery-powered gadgets. Their role intends observe, perceive and grasps the info from different ecological-objects and from environment and relay the sensed information securely (by security protocol) to a Base Station (BS) for further analysis (Visvanathan et al., 2005). MS-WSN systems can be deployed in underwater, underground, Terrestrial and can used in multimedia, mobile, Bioinformatics and IOT applications. Since modern-secure-WSNs contain many tiny sensor-nodes with minimal energy, so, a routing mechanism has to layout for retaining energy of sensor-nodes in modern-secure-WSN systems (Quang & Miyoshi, 2007). All the equipped sensors has to sense physical qualities like moisture, sound, luminosity, pressure, climate condition, humidity and transmit the possessed attributes to a central location called Base Station for further investigation(G.T. Shi and M.H. Liao,2005; Zheng et al., 2004).
Two-level-CH-LEACH method and LEATCH are the best hierarchical-routing method, which introduces aggregating the information; it’s a turning point in grouping routing techniques. Most of hierarchical-routing methods have drafted working on the perception of LEACH (Fu.C et al., 2013). As per figure 1, Cluster Head (CH) analysis with sensor estimation achieves powerful data communication with server to CH analysis. LEATCH protocol reduces the energy-utilization of few CH’s whose residual energy is low or is at a distant place from BS by setting Two-Level CH. Figure 1 represents the sample relay multi node communication of sensor network with routing.
Existing techniques use single hop transmission for which more energy consumption is observed. These transmission technologies work well on small-scale networks because each CH is within the reach of BS (Venkataramana et al., 2019). For large-scale networks, a CH is unable to transmit data to a BS due to the distance between them.
Figure 1. Representation of hierarchal clustering for WSNs with relay nodes
LEATCH is a revised technique based on LEACH technique; CH election and formation of cluster is similar to LEACH, but the average_energy of all nodes in the cluster is greater than the current-energy of elected Cluster-Head or the average-distance of all nodes to BS is lesser than the distance of CH to BS, then select the maximum energy node as the secondary Cluster-Head for same cluster (Venkataramana et al., 2016).
For large-scale WSNs, APREES (Quang & Miyoshi, 2007) and EEECARP (Venkataramana et al., 2017) are best dynamic event routing hierarchical methods, which introduce relay-node communication in an effective manner. However, EEECARP cannot consider the hop-count, different magnitude ecological conditions and energy wastage in cluster formation while collisions occur.
So, the authors propose the modified EEECARP to address these issues for better dynamic event clustering adaptive routing with load balancing of nodes for improving the lifetime of Modern Secure-WSNs (Venkataramana et al., 2017).