An Optimized Graph-Based Metagenomic Gene Classification Approach: Metagenomic Gene Analysis

Introduction

The approach that specifies or categorized the genetic substance from environmental collections is called metagenomics. This process is important due to its uniqueness on data clustering facilities. I.e. the system permits to organize huge molecular data into a small area. By imposing metagenomics concept, various vital and unique molecules with pivotal activities and applications have been determined. The populations and demand of foods and daily necessary goods are increasing day by day. To fulfill the demand of daily commodities as well as medical support, metagenomics will play very important role. Lot of companies are willing and investing in this sector to clear the unknown genetic information. So metagenomics gene analyses will dominant in enzymes processes, medicines, agriculture, ecology and new generic products. Metagenomics ensure to supply new molecules and novel enzymes with dynamic activities and provide factors from set of enzymes from the cultivable microorganisms. Apart from that, the uses of metagenomics are used to uncovering novel biocatalysts from nature, bioremediation and xenobiotic metabolism.

DNA sequence consists of four nucleotides A, G, C and T. These sequencing efforts generate a large amount of raw data as the DNA sequence of a eukaryote is often longer than a hundred million base pairs. The genome of human has 3.2 billion (appx) base pairs. The annotation of these sequences of biological data is needed as a computation tool for gene finding. Locating the genes is not only helpful but also a prerequisite for further analysis, such as the characterization of the function of the gene product, determining the phylogeny of different species or understanding gene regulation. But the problem of finding genes in a genomic DNA sequence is difficult and high space complexity.

Metagenomics, the investigation of crude bacterium under the study of genomic substances gathered precisely from natural data sets, has been applied to analyze the shape, activities, and mechanical interactions of small communities. Various analysis permit us to know about different microbes in multiple areas (Ley et al., 2008; Rusch et al., 2007; Wu et al., 2011), their composite architectures of the communities they built (Huttenhower et al., 2012), and the pivotal encounter they maintain on the associated environment (Tyson et al., 2004). It important to analyze the various bacterium interactions however, human metagenomics interactions are very essential to utilize the meaningful result due to its impact on mankind need as drugs, foods and diseases identifications (Qin et al., 2012; Behre C.J, et al., 2013; Greenblum et al., 2011).

In the age of information superhighway, numerous metagenomic analyses are based on gene-centric processes and as well as new aim to cluster the complete genomic shape of the association by virtue of shotgun metagenomics. Mathematical analysis based on shotgun sequencing impact helped to mapped database to a orthologous gene groups such as KEGG (Kanehisa et al., 2012), COG (Tatusov et al., 2003), EggNOG (Powell et al., 2012), M5NR (wike et al., 2012) to investigate similarities to genes or proteins with real and annotated activities. It is important to know that the biological activities among similar genes are work together in contrast, with taxonomic identify resulted in the experimental analysis. BLAST is frequently used to mapped to obtain greater score values on sequence alignment and annotations (Dalevi et al., 2008). This annotation mechanism and the measurements of the data set alignment that mapped individual activity is a an important part in computational metagenomic research and it helps to identify the functional shifts related with disease, as it is the basis of general genomic of analyses.