Applications of Nanoparticles in Various Fields

Introduction

Nanotechnology is well known, highly significant field of science which concern with the synthesis of nanoparticles of several chemical compositions, shapes, sizes and their uses for human welfare (Vineet and Sudesh, 2009). Nanoparticles have higher surface to volume ratio that transmit them different properties and hence make them feasible to be utilized in exclusive applications. In order to obtain nanoparticles for application, specific nano size of nanoparticle is attained through controlled synthesis (Fratoddi et al. 2017). Nanoparticles can either be hydrophilic or hydrophobic and this functionalization arbitrates their application. Nanoparticles consist of three layers (i) The first layer is characterized with various miniature particles, surfactants, metallic ions and polymers: the surface layer, (ii) the second layer distinct in configuration of chemicals from the origin segment, the shell layer, and (iii) central part of nanoparticles i.e. the core (Shin et al., 2016). Due to the remarkable properties, nanoparticles are of considerable interest for investigation in different fields. The nanoparticles can be utilized for various purposes in different fields such as medicine (Min-Dianey et al. 2018), agriculture (Rastogi et al. 2019), environmental remediation (Ghoto et al. 2019, Singh and Verma 2018), electronics (Tamilvanan et al. 2014), energy storage (Manj et al. 2018) etc (Figure 1). In the present chapter, we explain the several applications of nanoparticles as well as provide the future aspects of the applications of various nanoparticles.

Figure 1.

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Aluminum Nanoparticles

Aluminum (Al) nanoparticles such as Al oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles are the category of oxides of metal nanoparticles known to show varied biomedical utilities known to show varied biomedical utilities due to the extraordinary constitutional and physiochemical characteristics, for instance resistance to stresses against mechanical, chemical, wear besides their desirable optical traits and permeable ample surface area. The effortless handling, and small preparation cost are the other rationales for comprehensive usance of Al nanoparticles. The principle biomedical applications of Al nanoparticles are: