Smart healthcare systems are the health services that use the technologies like wearable devices, internet of things (IoT), and mobile internet to access medical information dynamically. It connects people, materials, and institutions related to healthcare; actively manages; and automatically responds to medical ecosystem needs. It helps the traditional medical system in making healthcare more efficient, convenient, and personalized. This chapter proposed (1) a review of smart healthcare development using artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and smartphone Android apps; (2) an experimental approach using IoT-based smart monitoring systems, Android apps for data collection, and artificial algorithms to predict cervical cancer diseases; (3) the integration of IoT and AI algorithms. Artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) is proposed in this chapter as an experimental method for predicting cervical cancer from smart colposcopy images. The literature published in international journals and proceedings between 2010 and June 2022 is considered for the study.
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Artificial intelligence refers to an automated system that can perform cognitive functions and physical tasks. Genetic algorithms, neural networks, machine learning, pattern recognition, and autonomous decision-making fall within the broad category of artificial intelligence (AI). AI technologies have been steadily applied in the medical field to offer many benefits, such as automating physical tasks, analyzing vast amounts of patient data, and delivering better healthcare facilities lower costs (Davenport & Kalakota, 2019). According to statistical studies, 30% of healthcare costs are associated with administrative tasks. Therefore, AI can reduce the workload on healthcare professionals by automating duties such as pre-authorizing insurance, checking on unpaid bills, and managing patient data. Clinical Decision Support (CDS) employs AI to assist in patient therapy and diagnosis decisions and carry out population-based risk prediction assessments. The AI is moving towards smart health and intelligent-based healthcare systems in developing healthcare industry.
In 2009, IBM proposed the concept of smart healthcare as part of their “Smart Planet” initiative. The growth of smart cities is facilitated by the smart healthcare system (Jokanorvie, 2020). Traditional healthcare cannot meet everyone's needs due to the significant increase in the human population. Despite having high infrastructure and cutting-edge technologies, medical treatments may not be accessible or affordable for everyone. The smart healthcare system offers benefits by allowing individuals to quickly access medical facilities, medical documentation, diagnosis tools, and better treatment. It encompasses various situations, including smart homes, community health centers, and smart hospitals. It supports clinical reasoning, hospital administration, prescription recommendations, rehabilitation, post-marketing surveillance, and tracking of patients' anomalous behavior (Dhaka & Panda, 2020). It also aids in illness prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Smart healthcare involves many stakeholders, such as hospitals, research institutions, physicians and patients, and all aspects of the system commonly use smart technologies. Patients uses the wearable smart devices to monitor their health continuously, request medical aid through virtual assistants, and use remote facilities to carry out procedures remotely. Doctors can use several highly advanced clinical decision-support tools to aid in and enhance diagnosis. It manages medical data using an integrated platform such as the Laboratory Information Management System, Communication Systems (PACS), Picture Archiving, Electronic Medical Records, and surgical robots for precise operations as shown in Figure 1.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly improved patient care and staff efficiency in healthcare by assisting with medical image analysis and diagnosis. The IBM smart cloud is one of the most popular AI tools, providing solutions for smart healthcare development, maintaining smart electronic health records, and offering personalized care to patients. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms are included with smart healthcare to speed up care delivery services (Saba & Durai, 2022). Internet of Things (IoT) combines connectivity, communication and computing, especially in the medical field, known as IoMT, or the Internet of Medical Things. According to analysis, the number of medical devices with IoT is expected to increase from 10 billion to 50 billion in the coming decades.