Aspect of ESB With Wireless Sensor Network

Introduction

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) isorganized setup of Sensor Nodes (SNs) which provides individual functionality, sensing capabilities, computing and communication abilities that performs at a very low cost communication for a specified environment. As WSN is one of 21st century’s emerging technologies; an eminent advancement done in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) and communication technologies that made sensor network cheap, energy efficient, self management properties etc. It contains hundreds or thousands of these SNs having sensing abilities which is according to various application specific requirements (like temperature measurement, air pollution monitoring, animal surveillance etc) to communicate either among themselves or directly to the sink node/ base stations (BSs). In contrast to traditional wireless communication networks such as cellular systems and Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET), WSNs have distinctive characteristics like low cost sensor nodes, denser-level deployment of SNs etc. Although many challenges are present like less battery life, storage constraint, limited bandwidth etc. But from the past decade, a lot of researchers, scientists actively participating to explore and solve complex design, routing, security and application specific issues.

The very first wireless sensor network system had been developed by United States military in 1950s, to detect and track soviet submarines by Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS). This newly developed network was used submerged acoustic sensors (hydrophones) which are distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In 1960s and 1970s, investments have been made in this field to develop hardware for today’s internet. Early around 1980s, US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was started a program Distributed Sensor Networks (DSN).At the initial process of DSNs, a true assumption had been made that many low-cost sensor nodes were created which should operate autonomously and work collaborate with each other, so that information was being routed to whichever node was best able to use the information. At that time, this was actually a purposeful program (Chong& Kumar, 2003), (The Evolution, 2016). The Ethernet was popular after this, there were no use of personal computers or workstations, mainly processing was done over minicomputers. Technological components such as sensors (acoustic), communication and processing modules, and distributed software for DSN were specified in a DSN workshop in 1978 (Distributed Sensor Nets, 1978). After this, era had been started for development of wireless sensor networks for the various real world applications.

Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) developed a communication-oriented operating system called Accent (Rashid& Robertson, 1981). A helicopter tracking system (Myers et al., 1984) has been developed in MIT which was a DSN application. In early phase of DSNs, wireless connectivity was not tightly coupled. Due to recent advancement in computing, communication and MEMS technology have caused a effective paradigm shift in WSN research and brought closer to achieving the original vision. Hence, a new technological advancement research era in WSN has been started in around 1998. Main focus was over networking techniques, networked information processing suitable for highly dynamic ad hoc environments and resource-constraint sensor nodes. For application point of view, due to development of low-cost sensor nodes, they have used in many civilian application such as environment monitoring, vehicular sensor network and body sensor network. DARPA again in this new research era of WSN act as pioneer by launching an initiative research program called SensIT (Kumar,&Shepherd, 2001). SensIT has initialized an era which enhances the sensor network capabilities as networking capability, multitasking and reprogramming. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) organization has defined the IEEE 802.15.4 standard (IEEE 802.15, 2016). Based on this, IEEE 802.15.4 is also known Zigbee alliance (ZigBee Alliance, 2016) has standardized as Zigbee standard. It specifies high level communication protocols for wireless sensor network. Currently, WSN has been projected as most popular and cost–effective technologies in (21 century 21 Ideas, 1999).