In today's world, the quality of the crops is of utmost importance. Crops need to be effectively cared for, and steps are needed to ensure their healthy growth. Smart Irrigation is a major topic that has been implemented in certain regions, but the accumulation of various sensors is the key to the effective safety of crops. In the chapter, various sensors are being deployed and used in synchronization. The primary ones included in the system are the water level and moisture sensor, which works in correspondence with the water motor; the proximity (PIR) sensor, which works in accordance with the buzzer and the webcam; and finally, the light-dependent resistor (LDR), which works in relation with the artificial light. The analog data received from the sensors are transmitted to the raspberry-pi and then sent over the network using a Wi-Fi module to Ubidots, where the data will be analyzed, and necessary actions will be taken. The components to be used in the system will guarantee overall prolific, scalable, and ardent implementation.
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Crop irrigation has been a major concern always. The necessity to automate the irrigation was felt along with the use of smart techniques. Hence, this has been a target of study of many papers that were referenced.
In the recent years Sensor-Based irrigation system is the major research focus in many applications (Broeders et al., 2013). The sensors obtain the real-time data and send them to the microcontroller which in-turn will be send to Personal Computers (PC). IOT and cloud computing are incorporated ubiquitously to remove the inadequacy and lack of management which are the major concern in agriculture (Na, & Isaac, 2016).
Data mining concepts are used in (Ghosh et al., 2016) for the predicting the future outcomes. Data mining concepts generally examines the large pre-existing data and produces new information. The authors have used the concept of cloud computing to have a communication between the mobile phone and PC.
A GSM based smart farming was proposed (Dwarkani et al., 2015) which can do several farming tasks using automation. From the smart farm sensing system the GSM module receives signal for smart irrigation. The sensed data can then be transferred to the central database which can be analyzed and moved to irrigator system to do automatic actions.
Based on the moisture values collected by the sensor the motor turns on and off (Rajalakshmi, & Mahalakshmi, 2016, Wang et al., 2010) to keep the soil moisture. Added to it the based on the input given by the light sensor the light goes on and off in a green house environment. To increase the production of rice plants crop monitoring system is used in real time (Na, & Isaac, 2016) which used motes along with sensors to check the level of leaf wetness.
The information about the rainfall and temperature is gathered as early spatial data which is analyzed to reduce the crop damage and to increase the crop production (Tanaka et al., 2010). Also ultrasonic waves are used to predict the slope failure during heavy rainfall (Sakthipriya, 2014)