Biomechanical Properties of Orthopedic and Dental Implants: A Comprehensive Review

Prerequisite Properties

Orthopedic and dental structure of living bodies is like a mechanical system imbedded in a biological environment. The biomaterial which is intended to use in implantation should have desired mechanical and biological properties. Implant’s material and design is most dominant factor which decides both the short term and the long term performance of the implant (Prakash et al.,2016). With increase in human life expectancy, the better quality and long life spanned OIs and DIs are needed (Narayan, 2012). The human body’s internal environment is very austere having an oxygenated saline solution with salt content of about 0.9% at pH 7.4 and temperature of 37°C (Saro & Sidhu, 2012). This environment accelerates the fatigue failure, corrosion and wears rates several times that cause decrements in the implant life. Corrosion and wear cause many particle borne diseases and infection that may put risk on patient’s life (Prakash et al.,2015). So, properties of material are not only important from functional point of view but also from patient’s life point of view. The implant’s material properties can be classified as mechanical properties, biological properties, and corrosion resistance as shown in figure 1. These properties are interrelated and affect each other.