Blockchain-Enabled Food Supply Chain Management: Enhancing Traceability, Transparency, and Trust Through IoT and Smart Contracts

Abstract

The global food supply chain is inefficient, opaque, and exasperated by vulnerability to fraud and safety breaches. The traditional scheme of data silos, limited stakeholder trust, and depending on manual processes impairs traditional traceability systems. The decentralized, tamper proof, and transparent nature of blockchain technology provides a great solution for the food product tracking from origin to consumption. With the integration of blockchain into IoT sensors and smart contracts, real-time monitoring, automation, and enhanced data security are delivered enabling compliance with regulatory standards and consumer trust. In a proposed blockchain-based model, the accuracy in traceability (98%), sharing data trust (95%), and recall efficiency (90%) are demonstrated to be much improved over traditional systems despite higher initial costs. This work demonstrates how blockchain can enable the safe, sustainable, and accountable food supply chains and tackle the scalability, interoperability constraints of a globally deployable solution.