Building National Resilience in the Digital Era of Violent Extremism: Systems and People

Abstract

The threat of violent extremism in the Internet age has undoubtedly become one important focus of research, policy, and government bodies all over the world. Understandably, many resources have been invested into counter violent extremism efforts, such as the identification of possible radicalised individuals, and understanding the psychology behind violent extremism. These methods adopt a resistance stance and attempt to prevent violent extremism. However, this chapter argues that resilience is equally, if not more important given the unpredictable nature of violent extremism. The first part examines ‘systems' within a nation such as critical infrastructure and how concepts such as ‘resilient-by-design' can be incorporated to ensure continuity in times of attacks. The second part will explore ‘person' factors of crisis communication, cohesion, and social capital, and how these factors can afford a cohesive society that can overcome the cracks in social order and harmony often caused by violent extremism.