CAD Complications in Existing With COVID-19 Infections

CAD Complications in Existing With COVID-19 Infections

Aminabee Shaik
Copyright: © 2024 |Pages: 25
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-6855-5.ch002
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Abstract

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light a complex interplay between viral infections and pre-existing medical conditions. Among these, individuals with existing coronary artery disease (CAD) have been identified as a particularly vulnerable population. Amid the evolving landscape of healthcare, exploring the interconnection between coronary artery disease (CAD) and COVID-19 is of paramount significance. This work delves into the aggravated complications of CAD when coupled with COVID-19. It scrutinizes the multifaceted interplay, encompassing cardiovascular, immunological, and inflammatory facets. The chapter navigates through management challenges, treatment considerations, and preventive strategies while citing case studies. The chapter illuminates the symbiotic relationship, shedding light on research insights, future implications, and possible interventions. As CAD remains a global health burden, understanding its intersection with the pandemic aids in comprehensive patient care.
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Respiratory Complications

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Severe cases of COVID-19 often culminate in ARDS, characterized by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. The virus's direct impact on lung tissue and the resulting immune response contribute to this life-threatening complication.

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Some individuals recovering from COVID-19 develop pulmonary fibrosis, a condition where lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff, impairing oxygen exchange. This can lead to long-term respiratory impairment.

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Cardiovascular Complications

Myocardial Injury

COVID-19 can lead to myocardial injury, as evidenced by elevated cardiac biomarkers. This injury is associated with worse outcomes and can exacerbate existing cardiovascular conditions.

Arrhythmias

The virus can disrupt the heart's electrical activity, leading to arrhythmias. These disturbances can have serious consequences, especially in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions (Stefanini et al., 2020).

Thrombotic Events

COVID-19 promotes a prothrombotic state, increasing the risk of blood clots. This can result in complications such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and even stroke.

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Neurological Complications

Loss of Smell and Taste

An early and distinctive symptom of COVID-19, this often temporary loss of smell and taste is linked to viral impact on olfactory and gustatory nerves.

Neurological Symptoms

COVID-19 can lead to various neurological issues, including headaches, dizziness, confusion, and even strokes. The virus might directly invade the central nervous system.

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