Case Studies on Epigenetic Regulation in Model Plant Species

Abstract

Epigenetics, the examination of inheritable modifications in gene function absent variations in DNA sequence, has become a crucial domain in plant biology. This chapter examines the processes of epigenetic control in model plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and maize (Zea mays), emphasizing their distinct roles in elucidating DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Epigenetic systems are essential for plant development, stress responses, and adaptation to environmental changes. The investigation of epigenetic regulation is being transformed by recent developments in single-cell epigenomics, CRISPR-based epigenome editing technologies, and multi-omics integration. The chapter discusses the challenges of fully grasping transgenerational inheritance and the stability of epigenetic markers. Connecting advanced research with agricultural applications highlights the possibility of utilizing epigenetics for crop enhancement and sustainable agriculture in response to climate change.