The chapter focuses on comparing and analyzing the development models of typical regional innovation systems in the world, discussing the relationship of regional innovation system and R&D centre growth, and points out that the emergence of R&D centre and growth are tight relative with the development of regional innovation system. Through researching on typical cases of India’s Banglore, Singapore and Taiwan’s Xinzhu, the paper summarizes the experience that establishing and perfecting regional innovation system will improve R&D centre growth. Using the experience for reference, some strategies to promote R&D centre are put forward as conclusions.
Top1. Introduction
Since 1990s, overseas research and development (R&D) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) is speedily developing and growing. The objective that MNEs establish local R&D organizations or cooperate R&D with local enterprises is to effectively utilize local science and technology resource or to support the production and marketing of local subsidiary companies under the background of global competitive environment with expeditious science and technology development and change (Chiesa, 1996; Gerybadze & Reger,1999). The academy filed has the trend to research on the subject more and more, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management and Research Policy discussed deeply on MNEs’ overseas R&D in 1996 and 1999 as special issues, which means people have attached more importance to the subject.
MNEs usually choose international cities with active innovation, such as Silicon Valley, Boston, Austin, Seattle in the US, Tokyo, Singapore, India’s Banglore, China’s Beijing, and so on in Asia. Following the trend of global innovation, in another new round of competition, the stronger competitive power emerges in Asia-Pacific region, Tokyo, Singapore, Korea, Banglore, as well as China’s Hong Kong, Taiwan, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen give prominence to innovational economy, and more and more R&D centres are emerging.
Cooke, Morgan (1994) researched on the theory and cases of Regional Innovation System (RIS) early and completely. Cook, Braczyk and Heidenreich (1996) particularly discussed regional innovation system. Some researchers discussed the conception of regional innovation system from different points (Asheim, 1997; Cassiolato, Lastres, 1999; Carlsson, et a1., 1999). Liu, Xu (2002) summarized the international development of regional innovation system theory.
According to the theory and conception of regional innovation system, the regional innovation system is chiefly comprised with enterprises as innovation main body, science and research institutes and universities as technology innovation resource, agency and service organizations as communication means and important tache of knowledge flow, government as exterior environment builder for enterprise innovations. Enterprises are the main body of regional innovation, science and research institutes and universities are the resource of knowledge innovation, agency and service organizations are the tache of regional innovation, governments are the constructers and managers for regional innovation activities.
Then, what is the internal relationship between R&D centre growth and the development of regional innovation system? Which signification and effect does regional innovation system have on R&D centre growth? The study will analyze and compare different development models of important regional innovation systems in the world, research on the relationship between the development of regional innovation system and the emergence and growth of R&D centre. Through researching on typical cases of India’s Banglore, Singapore and Taiwan’s Xinzhu, the study discusses on how to push R&D centre growth by means of establishing and improving regional innovation system.
Top2. Comparative Analysis On Regional Innovation System
Zhongguancun Science Park Administration Commission and Great Wall Enterprise Stratagem Academy compare and analysis on Zhongguancun’s benchmark and objective with world first level parks in 2006, the study finds that regional innovation system in the world is established through different development in terms of value chain tache and station in global industrial division, R&D model, cooperation model between academy and enterprises, shown as Table 1. Silicon Valley and Zhongguancun pay equal attention to basic research and application research; Cambridge focuses on basic research; Xinzhu, Banglore, Sophia Antipolis and Ireland mostly focus on application research.