Challenge-Based Learning Using iPad Technology in the Middle School

Introduction

Technology spending in United States K-12 schools averages four hundred dollars yearly per student (Johnson, 2012). Yet, research indicates that technology is not effectively integrated into the curriculum (Bannister & Vanatta, 2006). Some teachers experience uneasiness with technology and avoid its use in regular instruction. In addition, many skilled teachers do not include technology in daily lessons (New Media Consortium Horizon Report, 2010). The National Education Technology Plan, Transforming American Education: Learning Powered by Technology, called for increased practical technology use in the classroom in order to enhance student learning, adopt effective practices, and use data and information for continuous improvement (U.S. Dept. of Education, 2010). Educators in many school districts are addressing this goal through the adoption of one-to-one technology initiatives.

The definition of one-to-one (1:1) typically refers to a school that provides a take-home laptop computer or tablet for every student within some grade span of the school system (Sauers & McLeod, 2012). The issued device supports student learning in the classroom and at home. According to the New Media Consortium (NMC) Horizon Report (New Media Consortium, 2012), mobile apps and tablet computing are major contenders to change the face of classroom learning. More than 1,000 1:1 projects exist in the United States involving Apple devices in which each student had access to a laptop or iPad (Apple Events, 2012). However, as Bill Gates stated, “Just giving people devices has a really horrible track record” (Gates, 2012, para. 8). This chapter describes one district’s iPad initiative and an intentional decision to change modes of instruction within a middle school so that technology tools were used to promote student-centered instruction. District leaders recognized a need for an instructional model to enhance teaching and learning in conjunction with the iPad initiative, and they adopted a CBL instructional model, which emphasized 21st century skills. The rationale supported learning opportunities in which student engagement and student interaction with the core curriculum promoted exploration of real-world problems and meaningful solutions (Belton Independent School District, 2012).

The presence of technology in schools will only increase, and the changing instructional models will continue to impact education. How is the infiltration of technology impacting pedagogy? How are students and teachers handling change that occurs with 1:1 initiatives? The objectives of this chapter are to show how instructional models and 1:1 technology initiatives affect classroom practice. With technology initiatives and standards as the driving force for pedagogical change, this chapter begins with a rationale for varied models of instruction. A review of 1:1 programs and contemporary models of education follows, with an emphasis on student-centered instruction as a way to enhance 21st century learning. Finally, a study involving CBL and a 1:1 iPad initiative in a middle school highlights topics for educators to consider when preparing for learning in technology-centered environments.