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Climate-Smart Approach for Sustainable Agriculture

Climate-Smart Approach for Sustainable Agriculture

Nicolae Suvorov (The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania) and Alina Mădălina Stancu (The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 14
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5352-0.ch022
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Abstract

The 21st century comes with a great challenge in terms of sustainable agriculture and food security, which is also a worldwide debated issue due to problems such as population growth, degradation of natural resources including loss of biodiversity and considerable soil degradation, and last but not least, climate change. In fact, climate change poses the greatest threat to agricultural systems and the health of ecosystems and natural balance. The green revolution comes as a lifesaver for the environment, streamlining the allocation of natural resources but at the same time involves huge costs in term of money, time, and labor. Due to the intensive use of fossil fuels, chemical treatments in agriculture, and animal husbandry, environmental problems such as climate change tend to become more pronounced resulting in negative environmental externalities globally. A smart approach to sustainable agriculture is to reinvent and innovate traditional agricultural practices in order to identify ways and possibilities to reduce the risks related to the use of pesticides in close connection with the health of ecosystems.
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Results And Discussions

Greenhouse gas (GHG) and carbon dioxide emissions are the main cause of global warming and extreme weather events affecting almost all areas regardless of ecosystem (IPCC 2013). The link between GHG concentrations and global temperatures is a well known, intensively debated issue and has been present since time immemorial (Lacis et al., 2010). The global temperature evolution from 1850 to 2019 is analysed in Figure 1 where the annual average temperature is represented by the red line and the maximum and minimum reference values are shown by the grey line. The basis of comparison for the present study is the period 1850-1990 which highlights that the annual mean temperature has increased by 0.7°C in the last decades. Currently the difference is 1 ro 1.2°C.

Figure 1.

Evolution of global average temperatures (Source: Met Office Hadley Centre)

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