Cognitive and Psychological Factors in Cross-Language Information Retrieval

Introduction

With the rapid growth of computer and communication technology, a global interconnected information infrastructure is quickly constructing through the Internet. As the information is able to travel beyond geographical and spatial borders via the Internet, and more and more people around the world have gained access to global networks, the language boundaries have to be crossed in order to make the global communication possible. Statistics shows that 74% of Internet users are non-English speakers (MiniWats Marketing Group, 2015). However, English is still the leading language in global communication environment. English language dominates 54.4% of the websites (W3Techs.com, 2015). As the Internet has become one of the major communication mechanisms for information storage, retrieval, and dissemination, users need the ability to locate and retrieve information wherever, whenever and in whatever the language it has been stored. However, most of the search engines currently available can only provide monolingual information retrieval, which means that the retrieval can only be conducted in the same language as the query language. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) has become increasingly important to facilitate the effectiveness of information exchange among different languages. As a result, the study and development of tools and technology of cross-language information retrieval have gained greater attention over the past decade. While a lot of research has focused on the effectiveness of system functionality, few studies have examined information needs and social aspects related to cross-language information retrieval. This article aims to speculate the human and social aspects of cross-language information retrieval. It explores CLIR users’ unique social and cultural contexts, their psychological and cognitive structures, and their distinctive relevance judgment. It examines in depth the barriers embedded in cultural, linguistic, and cognitive dimensions, which might hinder further advancement in cross-language information retrieval.