Communication and Social Dissonance: Alerts and Chronic Conditions Around the World

Abstract

Key Terms in this Chapter

COVID-19 Crisis: A global crisis caused by COVID-19 which has produced an unprecedented negative impact on the global economy, business, education, tourism, health system, spirituality, human rights, etc. Within a few days, a virus from China spread around the world and affected the everyday life. The magnitude of the impact of this crisis is unlikely to be determined on long term given the new waves generated by the new forms of COVID-19.

Communication Knowledge: The system knowledge in the field of communication stored as theories, cognitive and meta-cognitive models, paradigms, and meta-paradigms. There are assumed both normative and empirical gaps overlapping personal, transactional, creative, transfer, tacit and explicit management of knowledge, etc. The development of communication knowledge readjusts the meaning of communication as a mindset, as an object, as a process, a skill, an activity, quality of behavior (e.g. knowledge sharing), a variable, a hybrid metamodel, etc.

Communication Paradigm: A model of thinking communication that combines subjectivistic and objectivistic orientations or assumes only one of them. The exploration of paradigmatology is developed in terms of pluralism view and may be understood as notorious or logical models affirmed over decades: radical structuralism, radical humanism, functionalism, interpretive approach, interactional paradigm, transactional paradigm, transmission paradigm, paradigms of civic communication, performative paradigm, social science paradigm, critical paradigm, cross-disciplinary communication, cross professional and cross-cultural communication.

COVID-19 Effect in Communication: The COVID-19 effect in communication can be defined as a new theory on communication argued by the complex (verbal, visual, etc.) semiotics of crisis, illustrating the dynamic tension between the normal behaviors before crisis and the new habits during pandemic. It follows that it is a form of non-communication or an adverse effect that affects the self, blocking communication behavior and is an integral part of the global resocialization and new cultural integration due to the pandemic.

Barriers of Communication: Diverse reactions, attitudes, behaviors, crisis, other factors, processes, and diverse obstacles that impede the communication process. The reality of miscommunication includes various categories of barriers: psychological, social, cultural, technical, contextual, barriers in crisis, and so on. A possible list of different examples of barriers of communication could include the followings: language, gender differences involved in communication, nonverbal communication of each part implied in exchange of meanings, physical environment, physical appearance of each person that communicates, personal characteristics (empathy, verbal skills, beliefs, intentions), mask, costly barriers, social inequalities, physical distance (e.g. geographical space), social distance (perceived distance), temporal distance, feedback barrier, sender barrier, encoding barrier, medium barrier, decoding barrier, receiver barrier, poor listening skills etc.

Communication: Complex process of exchange information from sender to receiver assuming common meaning. From the perspective of etymology, the idea of entrance of comprehension and understanding each other reflected in the term communication is derived from Latin word, ‘communis’, which means common and ‘to share’. Multiple typologies of definitions include conflicting perspectives: elusive phenomenon, emergent discipline, concept, skill/ capability, process, activity, scientific study of signs and symbols, etc. related to the discriminations between phenomena, concept and term.

Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT): A theory that sustains that the information about past crisis can influence the cognitive representation on the current crisis. The most powerful argument of the theory includes the reason to protect the organizational reputation. The management of different crisis type (victim crisis cluster, accidental crisis cluster, intentional crisis cluster) involves taking into account the causal attribution of crisis (stability, external control and personal control/locus) and the optimal communication.

Communication Map: Beyond the two established meanings of the concept of communication map – cartographic design and hybridization of cartography / storytelling – there are multiple understandings of this concept as follows: a communication system, an approach, a visual cognitive representation of communication (a figure), a way of modelling the communication process, a tool /instrument, a task, a design (e. g. thematic map), a conceptual exercise or application, a strategy, visual benchmarks, a method to investigate, etc. There are various ways to design and to assess the communication map, but the elements that are integrates into a map are the followings: the thematic material (the distribution which is mapped), the players of case studies or of narratives, key problem, the relationships between different events and persons, possible psychological features of those involved, possible explanations of players, behaviors, experiences, visual ethics, tensions and conflicts, deconstruction and reconstruction, partitions, and so on. In other words, communication map as visual story facilitates in an innovative manner to identify possible solutions. In terms of both semiology of graphics (networks, maps, graphics) and geographical rhetoric the communication map proposes a stylistic picture (based form, color, type, texture) of the reality captured dichotomously - static versus dynamic, convergences versus divergences, fluid versus fragmented meanings, spatial versus verbal structure or procedural knowledge versus spatial relationship, amateur cartography versus standardized map, quantitative versus qualitative information, linearity versus non-linear, continuity versus discontinuity.

Collective Autism: The diversity of psychological disabilities converging with the autism (disorder) spectrum (e. g. communication, social interaction, and distorted behavior - doing, feeling, thinking, etc.) identified in the authentic confrontations that took place in the US Capitol.