Cooperative Approach for Intelligent and Smart Agriculture System

Introduction

The populace has quadrivial in the last century. There were approximate 1.8 billion human beings on the globe in year 1915. There are approximate 7.3 billion human being on the globe today, with a potential of 9.7 billion by 2050 as per UN report. Global food demand is rising as a result of this growth, as well as improving financial conditions in developing countries. At this point, no one can prevent a major increase in death rate on the globe (Verónica Saiz-Rubio, 2020). Furthermore, numerous sceptics trust Ehrlich's claim is overemphasized, claiming that human population growth follows an exponential pattern. However, according to the principles of nature; exponential growth cannot be approached indefinitely.

Figure 1.

World population growth from 1800 to 2100

(Partha, 2007)

Aside from food shortages, population growth is doing havoc on the ecosystem in a variety of ways that are irreversible. Many scientists agree that global climate change is caused by CO2 (CO2) emissions and is a substantial result of human activity (Partha, 2007). Throughout the late twentieth century, a succession of accords was signed for committed to reducing their CO2 emissions to stop rise in global warming; however, not every government has ratified these treaties, owing to economic and political considerations. In some circles, the role of act in global climate change is strongly contested. For limiting human population growth and conserving the ecosystem in the long run, there is a lot of uncertainty.

Food demand is predicted to extend from 59 – 98 percentages till 2050 (Muhammad, 2019). It is a demand of farming market to be structure in such a type that hasn’t taken earlier. Common village farmers must participate in raising crop production, either by expanding their farm for more production or by strengthen the farms using organic compost, irrigation, & the use of recent technologies or techniques such as precision farming. The expected gain in demands of farming products on global are depicted in Figure 2. Meat, fish, roots, and tubers demand is expanding at around 50% decrease as compared to last decade, and hardly as fast as the increase in population, one percent a year. The downfall in much more pronounced for oils refined from vegetables, and experienced rapid expansion from last ten years. The other options are dairy, which is seeing an increase in demand, and sugar, which is expected to expand at a similar percentage (Zhang, 2019).

Figure 2.

Percentage increase in demand of farming products, 2007-16 and 2017-26

(Vinayak, 2016)

However, particularly in tropic regions, the ecological and socioeconomic costs of opening land for farming are typically considerable. Crop yield, per unit of farming area, is now increasing steadily in order to satisfy projected food demand.

Figure 3.

Temperature change growth

(Accenture, 2019)