Abstract
A number of probabilistic methods for aircraft conflict evaluation are presented. The analytical method is shown. The probability method that enables taking into account the features of stochastic dynamics of motion and the new compositional method of conflict probability evaluation are proposed. The feature of this method is that analytical solution is made using the predicted uncertainty areas of each aircraft position separately, making it possible to manage the position uncertainty and to apply for a wider range of scenarios. The multi-criteria decision-making for conflicts resolution is discussed. Optimality criteria and constraints for conflict resolution are defined. The generic multi-criteria model of conflict-free trajectories selection and the methods of resolution of two- and multi-aircraft conflicts have been developed. These methods provide the synthesis of conflict-free trajectories using different aircraft maneuvers according to criteria of flight regularity, economy, and maneuvering complexity using the multi-criteria dynamic programming.
TopMethods Of Conflict Detection And Conflict Probability Evaluation
It is considered (Babak et al., 2006; Bakker et al., 2001; Blin et al., 2000; Blom et al., 2001; Kuchar & Yang, 2000; Paielli & Erzberger, 1997; Prandini et al., 2000) that probabilistic methods of conflicts evaluation are more advanced and promising compared to geometric methods. They enable to take into account the probabilistic nature of the flight process because of the influence of numerous disturbances, and at the same time take into account the controllability factor and the features of the applied navigation modes.
However, the well-known probabilistic approaches and methods (Blom et al., 2001; Paielli & Erzberger, 1997; Prandini et al., 2000) have significant limitations. These methods are usually quite complicated, and their algorithmization and computer realization require substantial simplifications.
The methods of conflict detection and evaluation considered in this section relate to a group of methods based on stochastic uncertainty prediction of aircraft location due to their deviation from the flight plan. The proposed methods enable to predict stochastic uncertainties of aircraft location not only on straight flight paths, but also in maneuvering areas, as well as to use the information about stochastic dynamics of motion.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Air Traffic Controller (ATCO): A person authorized to provide air traffic control services.
Air Navigation Services (ANS): Services provided to air traffic during all phases of operations including air traffic management, communication, navigation and surveillance, meteorological services for air navigation, search and rescue and aeronautical information services.
Air Traffic Management System: A system that provides ATM through the collaborative integration of humans, information, technology, facilities and services, supported by air, ground and/or space-based communications, navigation and surveillance.
Air Traffic Conflict (Aircraft Conflict): Converging of aircraft in space and time which constitutes a violation of a given set of separation minima.
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making: Selection of a best alternative from several potential candidates in a decision subject to several criteria or attribute.
Air Traffic Management (ATM): The aggregation of the airborne and ground-based functions (air traffic services, airspace management and air traffic flow management) required to ensure the safe and efficient movement of aircraft during all phases of operations.
Air Traffic Service (ATS): A generic term meaning variously flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service) and aerodrome flight information service.
Conflict Detection: The discovery of a conflict as a result of computation and comparison of the predicted flight paths of two or more aircraft.
Conflict Resolution: The determination of alternative flight paths which would be free from conflicts and the selection of one of these flight paths for use.
Air Traffic Control Service: A service provided for the purpose of preventing collisions between aircraft, and on the maneuvering area between aircraft and obstructions; and expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.