“Cozinha da Madeira”: A Sustainable Tourism Service Concept for Madeira Island

Introduction

Sustainability is an increasingly important global issue. Quite simply, human beings, and particularly those in the western world, use resources far faster than they can be reproduced. The most popular definition of sustainability can be traced back to 1987 UN conference. Back then sustainable developments were defined as those that “meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs” (WECD, 1987). Today, human beings, and particularly those in the western world, use resources far faster than they can be reproduced (Manzini, Walker & Wylant, 2007; Manzini, 2005). This behavior is arguably a consequence of the seductive vision of “wellbeing” afforded, enabled and encouraged by industrialization – a vision based on personal ownership and mass consumption (Manzini, Walker & Wylant, 2007). These well-established definitions set an ideal premise, but do not clarify specific human and environmental parameters for modeling and measuring sustainable developments. For instance that sustainability requires an attitude in development that looks at natural resources (water, land and energy) and natural cycles in a way that celebrates continuity, uniqueness and placemaking. In review of the plurality of these definitions, the site or the environmental context is an important variable in most working definitions of sustainability. This plurality is address in our attempt to design a service that takes into considerations multiple issues related to sustainability and create and experience that reflects on this plurality.

Sustainability has long been a core concern in the design community, from architecture to product/service design (Blevis, 2007; Gupta & Vajic, 1999). More recently that interest grew in the HCI and interaction design communities (e.g. Blevis, 2007). From a design point of view, a sustainable system is one which maintains or enables a high “context quality” without depleting resources, highlighting that a sustainable solution must be combined with an improved quality of both social and physical life. A sustainable solution is therefore defined as the process by which products, services and know-how compose a system enabling people to achieve a result coherent with the principles of sustainability: low energy, material intensity, and a high regenerative potential (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000; Gupta & Vajic, 1999).

Furthermore, our approach builds on Manzini’s concept of enabling services, where enabling means emphasizing users activity versus a disabling service, where services seem to bring comfort to its users by helping them to do less. For example services such as dry cleaning, day care for kids, elder care, not to mention holiday packages or supermarket, precooked meals are all examples of disabling services, as they seem to bring comfort to its users by helping them to do less. The idea behind disabling services to spare time and energy (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000). But, on the other hand, as humans, we are fundamentally receive pleasure from action. An enabling service can foster engagement with the service itself by promoting the pleasure derived from action, increasing the probability that these initiatives spread and develop. Through changes in the way individuals or communities act to achieve a result, social innovation is also fostered and promoted. For example, by observing creative communities where individuals initiate their own sustainable solutions, such as communal rooftop gardening in urban space or car sharing, emphasizes the value of enabling services as opportunities in co-creation and innovation (Manzini, 2005).

Designing solutions for sustainability no longer lies only on the conventional concept of re-use or re-cycle materials. It means in the first place to understand the reasons that drive the existence of specific objects and services and the experiences that those products and services enable. In order to look at such a diverse range of outcomes, we engaged with service design and an interdisciplinary team who were part of a sustainability research project. Our goal within the service design effort reported here is to observe and extract the essence of existing and traditional services that could inspire us in designing new sustainable ones.