Abstract
With today's changes in war doctrines, the areas where war is undertaken are highly diversified, in addition to the traditional land, air and, sea classifications. One of these areas is cyberspace, where all the activities are waged in this field by exploiting the advantages such as accessibility, availability, cheapness, convenience, anonymity, independence from distance and defense – attack asymmetry called cyberwarfare. Cyberwarfare is the use of cyberattacks by a state or an organization to cause harm to another state's or organization's computer information systems, computer networks and computer infrastructures in the context of warfare. The rationale behind these objectives is similar to other types of warfare, as cyberwarfare is both a dimension of actual warfare and stand-alone war area. In this chapter, cyberwarfare and related phenomena will be extensively discussed.
TopIntroduction
In the resolution of national and international conflicts and disputes, besides diplomacy, warfare and war activities have been frequently applied throughout the history of humanity. As a result of this extensive use, war, warfare, and its subject and content have also been subject to an evolution depending on the development of humanity, and they have gradually taken on new fields of the nature. One of these new fields is cyberspace, which was artificially created by humans in parallel with information and communication technologies. Although the expansion and capabilities of cyberspace have provided numerous benefits to societies, cyberwarfare has appeared as a new type of tool that is being actively used to end conflicts with victory, on the other hand. In contrast to advantages, cyberwarfare employs cyberspace to create a threating environment. In this way, new concepts such as cyberwarfare, cyberattack, cybersecurity, and cyber-defense are derived and added to the military and warfare literature. According to Parks and Duggan (2011) classical kinetic warfare principles have also been derived from thousands of years of experience, as documented by Tsun Tzu, Carl von Clausewitz, Antoine-Henri Jomini, Basil Henry LiddelHart, and others. In this chapter, cyberwarfare and related concepts are explained with details. Also, cybersecurity strategies against cyberwarfare activities are presented.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Cyberthreat: Any threat that has the potential to cause serious damages to cyberassets.
Cyber-Risk: The specific risk that indicates the potential loss or harms to cyberassets.
Cyberbattle: Single or small set of cyberattacks conducted by teams with a low number of members.
Cyberspace: The global domain and space framed with the information and communication technology environment including the interdependent network of information systems and infrastructures such as the Internet, telecommunication infrastructure, and computer systems and networks.
Cyberattack: An unacceptable and undesirable attempt or assault aimed at stealing, modifying, deleting or damaging data and information carried out by cybercriminals individually or in an organized manner by using one or more computers, networks and systems through unauthorized and unauthenticated access to computer systems.
Cybercampaign: Applying more than one cyberbattles or cyberattack sets for a certain period of time.
Cybersecurity: Specific application, practices and exercises with technical, social, psychological, economical, and organizational foundations aiming to protect and maintain cyberassets including both tangible ones such as computer systems and intangible ones such as information and networks.
Cyberwarfare: The use of cyberattacks by a state or an organization to damage enemy’s, another state's or organizations', computer information systems, computer networks, and computer infrastructures to bring about harm as in warfare or warfare-like cases.
Cyber-Defense: The activities to prevent, predict, or neutralize cyberattacks in order to ensure cybersecurity.
Cyberwar: The direct war against the enemy in cyberspace, and it includes any actions to satisfy the aims as in total war. The most offensive category in the range of cyberwarfare.