Abstract
The chapter discusses the problem of energy management in Smart MicroGrid. The strategies of Smart MicroGrid energy management and objectives of Smart MicroGrid operation have been analyzed. The chapter emphasizes the potential of information technologies implementation to achieve energy management goals and provide a description of energy management information system which is used for MicroGrid planning and operation. The information flows which are used for making decision on Smart MicroGrid energy management have been analyzed.
TopBackground
Over the last years technical, economic and market transformation of the electric power sector connected with development concept of renewable energy Smart Grid have accelerated around the world. It is caused by growing energy demand in developing and emerging economies and trends in energy saving. Many countries have begun to respond to the challenge of power grid change. Consequently, new markets for both centralized and distributed renewable energy are emerging in all regions. Usage of renewable energy sources aims to meet a higher share of energy demand and provide reducing pollution and fuel poverty. According to Renewables Global Status Reports of REN21, renewable energy has growing in capacity and production for last several years. The estimated renewable energy share of global electricity production for recent fifteen years year is shown in fig.1 (Energy Efficiency Market Reports, 2002-2017).
Renewable energies, such as wind and solar energy, have technical properties that make them better than more traditional forms of power generation (Renewable Energy and Electricity, 2017). First, their maximum output fluctuates according to the real-time availability of wind and sunlight and such fluctuations can be predicted in advance. Second, they are modular and can be deployed in different types of grid. Third, wind and sunlight are available almost everywhere, so do not requires transportation to place of energy generation.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Smart Grid: The concept of a fully integrated, self-regulating, and self-healing power grid, which has a network topology and includes all the sources of generation, transmission and distribution networks, and all types of electricity consumers managed into a unified network of information and control devices and systems in real time.
Renewable Energy: An energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat, etc.
Energy Management Information System (EMIS): A performance management system that provides relevant information that makes energy performance visible to different levels of an organization, enabling individuals and departments to plan, make decisions, and take effective action to manage energy.
Industry 4.0: A collaborative network that combines eight key parts, namely cybersecurity, intelligent robots, industrial automation, IoT, cloud computing, product life-cycle management, semantic technology, and big data analytics.
Microgrid: A localized group of electricity sources and loads that normally operates connected to and synchronous with the traditional centralized electrical grid (macrogrid) but can also disconnect to “island mode” – and function autonomously as physical and/or economic conditions dictate.
Decision Support System: An interactive system that can produce data and information and, in some cases, contribute to the understanding relating to this subject area in order to provide useful assistance in solving complex and ill-defined problems.
Multi-Scale Process: Physical, engineering, biological, or social processes characterized by coupled phenomena that occur in disparate spatial and temporal scales.