The object of research in the chapter is the solar power plant as the source of additional economically expedient power supply of the electrical energy consumer. The purpose of this research is to analyze the options for the layout of solar power plant, taking into account the solar energy potential of the district, the design features of the proposed location, the load curve of the consumer, and the cost of the generated electrical energy. The chapter presents the results of calculation and selection of the parameters of solar power plant elements on the roof of the consumer's production building. The chapter presents the results of research of the dependence of the cost of the electricity generated by the solar power plant on the number of installed panels, which in order to increase the realized solar energy potential of the district also allows adding photoelectric modules and accumulating devices in the layout of the operating station at tariff growth. The chapter presents the results of researching these areas, that are conducted by the authors and which are completely original.
TopIntroduction
The amount of energy that falls on the Earth's surface from the Sun within a week exceeds the energy of all the world's reserves of such hydrocarbon fuels as oil, gas, coal, and uranium. The transformation of the power coming from the Sun will almost completely satisfy humanity's need for energy for many years. At the same time, solar energy is “clean” and does not adversely affect the environment.
It should also be noted that silicon, used as raw material for the manufacture of photovoltaic cells, is one of the most frequently encountered elements in the bowels of the Earth. Despite this, experts consider solar energy to be not entirely environmentally friendly, since the production of pure silicon for photovoltaic batteries is chemically high-tech and energy-intensive production (Elistratov & Aronova, 2009). In addition, ensuring the efficient operation of power system containing solar power plants is possible:
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in the presence of significant traditional reserve capacity, to work in overcast and nighttime periods of the day;
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after the modernization of electrical networks or power supply systems.
Despite the above facts, solar energy continues to develop intensively both in the Russian Federation and around the world. If the production of photovoltaic modules and other components of the solar power plant becomes cheaper, in the next decade photoenergy will constitute a serious competition for oil and gas power engineering.
At the moment, two types of solar power plants are used in the world: they are installations that convert solar energy into electrical energy using direct conversion method - photoelectric setups, and thermodynamic installations, in which solar energy is first converted into thermal energy and then to mechanical and electrical one.
Solar power plants of any capacity as the source of electrical energy can be used in industry, agriculture, household and municipal sector, building spheres, autonomous systems of video surveillance, lighting, in the space industry, etc.
The South of Russia is one of the most promising regions for the use of local renewable resources in the Russian Federation, as only 2% of Russian oil reserves, 7% of gas and 3.5% of coal reserves are concentrated on its territory, the energy deficit here is covered by the use of predominantly steam coal from Siberian Federal District and natural gas from the Urals Federal District. In addition, the South of Russia is a region of developed production of a variety of agricultural products, often grown at remote livestock sites, camps in the steppe zone, as well as extended plantations, crops and plantations located at a significant distance from populated areas and centralized power supply. At the moment, the district already has a successful experience of economically expedient power supply to remote agricultural facilities of small capacity by means of renewable energy sources.
Now there is a large number of tables and maps of the solar energy potential, both for the territory of Russia, and for its individual subjects
There are also being developed a number of maps to allocate areas that are favorable for the building solar power plants on the territory of the studied region. The analysis takes into account a number of natural, ecological, technical, economic, social factors, as well as maps of land resources; transport networks; specially protected areas; map of the population's living; maps of energy consumption dynamics.
Such maps allow to analyze the solar energy potential throughout the region, highlighting the most favorable locations to place of solar power plants, maximizing the projected source of electric power generation to the consumer, thus reducing the costs of its transmission and conversion through electrical poer networks. However, in order to calculate and select the parameters of solar power plant elements, it is necessary to know the hourly sums of all the components of incoming solar radiation during the year, which will also allow to predict the electricity generation schedule and its coordination with the load curve of the consumer. That is why it is necessary to conduct additional experimental and mathematical studies.
The primary issue of designing generating facilities is the pre-project study of the solar energy resource in the places of their intended location. (Adomavicius et al., 2013; Amerhanov et al., 2008; Bezrukih, 2008)