The chapter explores the development and conceptual understanding of healthcare 1.0 to 5.0 and its impact on well-being. It discusses the fundamental concepts of the evolution of healthcare which aimed at patient survivability at its initial stage to personalization now. The chapter outline focuses on digital disruption technologies like big data, AI, blockchain, IoT, robotics, cloud computing, and virtual reality, and its usage in various areas of healthcare. Multiple business models of business are also featured along with an understanding of the barriers that should be understood to implement and take maximum advantage of Healthcare 5.0 at all levels and areas of healthcare. Government initiatives in public and private sectors are also contributing to accepting the fast-paced technological advancements. Healthcare 5.0 has and will improve the accessibility and ease of healthcare services, thereby impacting people's well-being. Precision healthcare, integrated and generative AI, and intelligent infrastructure will soon become part of patient monitoring and treatment.
Top1. Introduction
In the vast and complex realm of healthcare, the quest for individualized and precision medicine has given rise to the emergence of Personalized Healthcare Systems, also termed as Healthcare 5.0. This cutting-edge approach is not merely a technological advancement but represents a paradigm shift in how healthcare is conceptualized and delivered. At its core, Healthcare 5.0 focuses on harnessing the power of advanced tools, in-depth genetic insights, and a variety of patient-specific data to craft healthcare solutions tailored to the unique needs and circumstances of each individual.
The push towards such a personalized system stems from the realization that healthcare cannot follow a 'one-size-fits-all' model. Human beings, with their intricate genetic codes, varied environmental exposures, and diverse lifestyles, present a spectrum of healthcare challenges and opportunities. Healthcare 5.0, with its emphasis on customization, promises to address these nuances, ensuring that treatments and preventive strategies are optimally aligned with an individual's specific profile. This profound alignment holds the potential to revolutionize the efficacy, efficiency, and holistic impact of healthcare on personal and societal wellbeing. As we delve deeper into understanding the concepts of Personalized Healthcare Systems and their implications, it becomes evident that this approach is set to redefine some of the concepts and ideas of modern medicine. By bridging the gap between individual needs and medical solutions, Healthcare 5.0 is positioning itself as the future of medicine, where patient-centricity isn't just a buzzword, but a tangible reality that transforms lives and reinforces the essence of wellbeing.
The rise of digital technology has paved the way for many innovations in the healthcare industry. The evolution seen from Healthcare 1.0 to the current 5.0 is phenomenal. The use of technology is targeted to make the healthcare delivery system more accessible. The big names of technology are focusing on the health industry for the wide range of opportunities and possibilities it presents. Like other industries, the health industry is undergoing a revolution to attain the stage of 5.0. This revolution can be defined as “an interaction between people and machines to make the processes faster, better and the outcomes efficient”.
A glimpse on the Healthcare Revolution can be understood from Figure 1.
Figure 1. Healthcare revolution from 1.0 to 5.0
The figure indicates that this transformation has shifted the focus of the entire industry from patient survivability to Mass personalization of healthcare services and focusing on the quality of life.
Healthcare 5.0 focuses on lifestyle, wellbeing, healthcare analytics, and overall quality of life and focuses on providing a customized product as per the requirements.
The major use is and will be on remote monitoring of patients, virtual clinics, assisted living, self-management with smart devices, wellness monitoring and control, treatment reminders, adherence to treatment protocols, and more personalized and connected healthcare. It is known today as “Smart Healthcare.” With the surge of data, the question arises of privacy, ownership, and compliance, however, Federated Learning is the answer because it overcomes these difficulties by utilizing a centralized aggregate server to disseminate a global learning model along with it, and the local participant keeps control of patient information, assuring data confidentiality and security. (Rehman et al., 2022)
The healthcare industry is laying more emphasis on home healthcare, smart monitoring system, electronic patient records, building collaborative models based on different technologies, etc. that generates tremendous data. The adoption of high-speed data transmission, the networking of smart devices, the use of robotics, and remote monitoring are setting the benchmark in Healthcare 5.0 and are empowering the entire continuum of healthcare. (HHMGlobal, 2023)
Thus, this chapter outlines the disruption that has been brought in by the use of technology, the evolution from Healthcare 1.0 to 5.0, futuristic business models based on Healthcare 5.0, technologies and their significance in Healthcare 5.0, what barriers can be envisaged in its implementation and the overall impact on its wellbeing.