This work aims to analyze and explain the didactic strategies used to achieve meaningful learning. It begins under the assumption that meaningful learning is created if students are given freedom and confidence. In this situation, they can find their own answers and develop their knowledge, both in the classroom and in practical life. The method used is an analytical-descriptive one of the reviews of the literature of the main authors who have given rise to this approach, its elements, and the didactic strategies used. It is concluded that the design and implementation of didactic strategies focused on meaningful learning with the application of active didactic methodologies and strategies in meaningful learning processes depending on the context in which it takes place. They obtain better results in the training of professionals.
TopIntroduction
Changes in the historical evolutionary process of education are relevant factors that influence the economic, social, political, and environmental development of peoples. In the evolution of educational models, the constant is the characterization of the need to give meaning to values and attitudes that guide the generation and development of ideas, projects, strategies and programs that allow the reproduction and preservation of the material and social conditions that they facilitate the contemplation and incorporation of the human being to his concrete reality from a comprehensive perspective of inclusive and meaningful learning.
The dynamic forms and processes of learning have undergone transformations over time at the service of human development (Apodaca-Orozco, Ortega-Pipper, Verdugo-Blanco, and Reyes-Barribas, 2017) that have resulted in significant learning advances that attribute responsibilities in a shared way for the achievement of goals based on the self-care of people and with a clear tendency of protagonist recognition of the beneficiaries of these processes (Lillo, 2014). The rote learning of disciplinary concepts with traditional approaches have been exceeded by the expectations that students have, and the demands made by the economic, labor, social, political, cultural reality, etc.
The methodological approaches that support the didactic strategies applied in learning have always been under the traditional approaches to teaching as absolute models in university systems, which, to be implemented, repress culture, language, history, traditions, customs, and the practices of the peoples. These types of learning have not been significant because there is no correspondence with the cultural traits of the peoples (Arnold and Yapita, 2000).
Over time, the development of higher education has been perfected in all fields of knowledge, but in health, with the implementation of curricular reforms based on pedagogy and science related to education that are necessary and indispensable to confront the paradigms. In meaningful learning, different paradigms are presented because the teacher goes from being the person in charge and protagonist of the students' learning to whom their process is planned and organized in the form of self-regulation so that they choose and decide on their behavior, as promoters and architects of their own learning (Garrote Rojas, Garrote Rojas, and Jiménez Fernández, 2016). Through essential changes in study plans and programs, progress is made in achieving curricular flexibility, meaningful learning, the incorporation of new ethical values and modern technologies (Vergara, Travieso & Crespo, 2014).
The different pedagogical and didactic models are relevant to the extent that they promote a vision in which the student is considered the center of active and meaningful learning (Espejo Leupin, 2016, p. 17). There are several meaningful learning models that use creative learning and that define all forms of learning methods that involve students in meaningful teaching-learning processes (Bonwell, and Eison, 1991).
For meaningful learning to be guaranteed with the significant results of the experiences that students have that requires their motivations, interests and actions as a subject with their own content, a permanent relationship with the content of previous knowledge and the link with new knowledge in their environment connected with local problems and global trends, in such a way that opportunities and solutions to problems are identified (Beck, Sollbrekke, Sutphen and Fremstad, 2015). Part of the meaningful learning experiences are the involvement of students in discursive and disciplinary activities instead of just being receptive (Almulla MA. 2020).
There are few studies focused on strengthening the training processes of teachers, to improve the teaching-learning processes through the design and implementation of didactic strategies in environments focused on meaningful learning.
In this work, the objective of which is to analyze and explain the didactic strategies used to achieve significant learning, first a conceptualization is carried out and then the elements or components are analyzed and finally a detailed analysis is made in the delimitation and design of the didactic strategies that are implemented for the achievement of the best results in meaningful learning.