Abstract
In the earlier phase, it was expected from citizens to do each and everything manually to avail any government service, which causes long waiting time and even it was impossible for citizen to know the whole process and status of that activity but in the present scenario, most of the services are available on e-governance portals for e.g. online application for passport, PAN card, Voter-ID, Aadhar Card, online payment of public utility bills, etc. Indian Government has a strong vision for delivery of citizen services through NeGP (National e-Governance Plan) but at the same time, inequality is exists in public access to internet services, unreliability on web, cyber attacks, etc. which causes high cost and unsecure & improper utilization of service. The ultimate objective of implementation of IT is to be able to increase the portfolio of public service delivery system in secured and cost effective manner. To overcome the drawbacks of e-governance, Indian IT sector must adopt certain strong standards and strategy for data and workflow, privacy, reliability, cyber security, etc. Implementation of e-governance across the various departments of government at the national, state and local levels is the benchmark for utilization of IT services.
TopIntroduction
A service provided by government to people, considered essential and may be associated with fundamental human rights known as public service and the way, by which it reaches to people, known as its delivery system. It is one of the basic and important responsibilities of state and central government as well. In the earlier phase of information technology, most of the services were computerized but at the same time, the citizens were expected to go the specific counter, which consumes time, travelling cost, etc. even it was almost impossible to know the status of the submitted application for specific service. (Chakravarti & Venugopal, 2008). But now, the implementation of e-governance has transformed the progression rapidly, and most of the services are available to citizens in efficient and convenient manner.
By the launching of NICNET in 1987 – the national satellite-based computer network followed by the launch of the District Information System of the National Informatics centre (DISNIC) programme to computerize all district offices in the country for which free hardware and software was offered to the State Governments, was extended via the State capitals to all district headquarters by 1990.(NeGP, 2014). In 2006, Indian government has launched NeGP (National e-Governance Plan), which aims at improving delivery of government services to citizens and businesses with the strong vision “Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common man” (11th Report of second administrative reform commission, 2008) Presently, the rate of growth of e-government transactions is rising drastically, which is over one billion. India ranked 124 out of 190 countries in the United Nations’ e-government rankings of 2012.(UN Global Government Survey, 2012) The NeGP currently consists of a series of Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) and Support Components which are being implemented at the Central, State and Local Government levels. These include Projects such as Income Tax, Customs & Excise and Passports at the Central Level, Land Records, Agriculture and e‐District at the State Level and Panchayats and Municipalities at the Local Level. There are also a number of integrated MMPs briefly mentioned as under: (NeGP, 2014)