Effect of a Motivational Song on the Autonomic Nervous System and the Heart of Indian Male Volunteers

Background

In the last few decades, the effect of music on the different human physiological systems has been extensively studied. Elliot et al. (2005) have reported that the exercise intensity, in-task effect and positive attitude towards exercise can be improved if the volunteers are made to listen to motivational music (Elliot, 2005). Recurrence analysis has evolved as an important non-linear tool for the analysis of different time series including the cardiovascular signals like the RRI series and the ECG signals (H Sabelli et al., 2005). Sun et al. (2008) have used recurrence analysis of RRIs for predicting the termination of atrial fibrillation, which can be useful to understand the mechanisms of arrhythmia (Sun & Wang, 2008). Sabelli et al. (2011) reported recurrence analysis-based estimation of distinct creative patterns in RRIs of depressed and psychotic persons (H Sabelli, Messer, Kovacevic, & Walthall, 2011). Chen et al. (2014) have proposed the use of recurrence analysis of HRV signals for quantifying the variation in the cardiovascular activity when exposed to low-frequency noise of a range of intensities (Chen et al., 2014). HRV analysis is an important non-invasive method to understand the ANS activity. Xue et al. (2015) have implied time domain analysis on RRIs to analyse the features of HRV. The statistical features frequently used for the RRIs were difference between the square root mean square, overall standard deviation and mean (Xue, Chen, Fang, & Xia, 2015).